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被动吸烟造成的恶果
添加时间:2016-01-31 09:24:18 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Women who have ever been around smokers1 regularly may have more difficulty getting pregnant than those who have not, a new study suggests. The findings, researchers say, offer one more reason for women to kick the smoking habit.

    一项新的研究显示,经常被动吸烟的女性比正常女性更难受孕。研究人员称,这项研究结果将有助于女性戒掉吸烟恶习。

    Studies have found that women who smoke raise their risk of a number of pregnancy2 complications, as well as their infants' risk of health problems. Less is known about the dangers of secondhand smoke, though some studies have linked exposure during pregnancy to an elevated risk of miscarriage3.

    研究发现,孕妇吸烟会增加患孕期并发症的可能性,由此孩子的健康也会受损。对于二手烟的危害性还有待进一步研究,但有些研究显示,孕期被动吸烟会增加流产的可能性。

    In the new study, of more than 4, 800 women, researchers found those who'd grown up with a parent who smoked were more likely to report they'd had difficulty becoming pregnant — defined as having to try for more than 1 year.

    一项由4,800多人参与的研究表明,有吸烟史人的子女更有可能经过1年以上的尝试也不易怀孕。

    In addition, women who'd been exposed to secondhand smoke in both childhood and adulthood4 were 39 percent more likely to have suffered a miscarriage or stillbirth, and 68 percent more likely to have had problems getting pregnant.

    此外,从儿时到成年时期都吸二手烟的女性在孕期遭遇流产或死胎的可能性增加39%,而很难受孕的几率增加68%。

    "These statistics are breathtaking and certainly (point) to yet another danger of secondhand smoke exposure, " said lead researcher Luke J. Peppone at the University of Rochester, New York.

    研究小组组长,纽约罗彻斯特大学的卢克.杰.派鹏介绍说,“这些数据触目惊心,当然也证明了二手烟带来的又一风险。”

    "We all know that cigarettes and secondhand smoke are dangerous, " he added. "Breathing the smoke has lasting5 effects, especially for women when they're ready for children."

    “我们都知道吸烟和被动吸烟有害健康,”他说,“吸入的烟会产生一个长期的影响,尤其对于那些准备怀孕的女性,影响更大。”

    Peppone and his colleagues at the University of Rochester in New York report their findings in the December 5 online issue of the journal Tobacco Control.

    12月5日,派鹏和他纽约罗彻斯特大学的同事们在《烟草控制》网络期刊上刊登了研究报告。

    For the study, the researchers analyzed6 surveys from 4, 804 women who'd visited the university's Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1982 and 1998 for health screening or cancer treatment. All had been pregnant at least once in their lives.

    研究人员对于1982年至1998年期间到Roswell Park肿瘤医院进行身体检查或接受治疗的4,804位女性患者情况进行了分析,这些女性都至少有过一次怀孕的经历。

    Overall, Peppone's team found 11 percent of the women had difficulty becoming pregnant, while one third had a miscarriage or stillbirth.

    派鹏小组研究发现,其中11%的女性难以受孕,三分之一的女性有过流产或死胎的经历。

    The risk of these problems tended to climb in tandem7 with the number of hours per day that a woman was exposed to secondhand smoke — a pattern that suggests a cause-effect relationship.

    上述问题发生的可能性与女性被动吸二手烟的时长有关——是一种因果关系模式。

    Secondhand smoke contains a host of toxic8 compounds that could potentially harm a woman's reproductive health, Peppone and his colleagues note. Tobacco toxins9 may damage cells' genetic10 material, interfere11 with conception, raise the risk of miscarriage, or inhibit12 the hormones13 needed for conception and a successful pregnancy.

    派鹏和他的研究小组指出,二手烟包含一系列有毒成份,可能会潜在地损伤女性生殖健康。烟草毒素会破坏细胞遗传物质,影响受孕,增加流产的风险性,以及阻止成功受孕所需荷尔蒙的分泌。

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    1 smokers [ˈsməʊkəz] d3e72c6ca3bac844ba5aa381bd66edba   第8级
    吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
    • Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。
    2 pregnancy [ˈpregnənsi] lPwxP   第9级
    n.怀孕,怀孕期
    参考例句:
    • Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea. 怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
    • Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage. 怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。
    3 miscarriage [ˈmɪskærɪdʒ] Onvzz3   第9级
    n.失败,未达到预期的结果;流产
    参考例句:
    • The miscarriage of our plans was a great blow. 计划的失败给我们以巨大的打击。
    • Women who smoke are more to have a miscarriage. 女性吸烟者更容易流产。
    4 adulthood [ˈædʌlthʊd] vKsyr   第8级
    n.成年,成人期
    参考例句:
    • Some infantile actions survive into adulthood. 某些婴儿期的行为一直保持到成年期。
    • Few people nowadays are able to maintain friendships into adulthood. 如今很少有人能将友谊维持到成年。
    5 lasting [ˈlɑ:stɪŋ] IpCz02   第7级
    adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
    参考例句:
    • The lasting war debased the value of the dollar. 持久的战争使美元贬值。
    • We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles. 我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
    6 analyzed ['ænəlaɪzd] 483f1acae53789fbee273a644fdcda80   第7级
    v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析
    参考例句:
    • The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程,因为对他来说,爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    7 tandem [ˈtændəm] 6Ibzp   第12级
    n.同时发生;配合;adv.一个跟着一个地;纵排地;adj.(两匹马)前后纵列的
    参考例句:
    • Malcolm's contract will run in tandem with his existing one. 马尔科姆的合同将与他手头的合同同时生效。
    • He is working in tandem with officials of the Serious Fraud Office. 他正配合欺诈重案办公室的官员工作。
    8 toxic [ˈtɒksɪk] inSwc   第7级
    adj.有毒的,因中毒引起的
    参考例句:
    • The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea. 这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
    • There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere. 爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。
    9 toxins [ˈtɔksɪnz] 18c3f40d432ba8dc33bad8fb82873ea8   第11级
    n.毒素( toxin的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • The seas have been used as a receptacle for a range of industrial toxins. 海洋成了各种有毒工业废料的大容器。
    • Most toxins are naturally excreted from the body. 大部分毒素被自然排出体外。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    10 genetic [dʒəˈnetɪk] PgIxp   第7级
    adj.遗传的,遗传学的
    参考例句:
    • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases. 遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
    • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information. 每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
    11 interfere [ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)] b5lx0   第7级
    vi.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰;vt.冲突;介入
    参考例句:
    • If we interfere, it may do more harm than good. 如果我们干预的话,可能弊多利少。
    • When others interfere in the affair, it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件,棘手的事情就来了。
    12 inhibit [ɪnˈhɪbɪt] C7jxT   第7级
    vt.阻止,妨碍,抑制
    参考例句:
    • Don't let ego and greed inhibit clear thinking and hard work. 不要让自我和贪婪妨碍清晰的思维和刻苦的工作。
    • They passed a law to inhibit people from parking in the street. 他们通过一项法令以阻止人们在街上停车。
    13 hormones ['hɔ:məʊn] hormones   第8级
    n. 荷尔蒙,激素 名词hormone的复数形式
    参考例句:
    • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
    • The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

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