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应对全球化挑战没有统一模式
添加时间:2016-09-30 20:47:19 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • As befits a gathering1 deservedly known for having a high ratio of words to actions, the G20 wrapped up its meeting last weekend with a strong but ill-defined call to make globalisation and capitalism2 work for the good of all.

    周一闭幕的20国集团(G20)峰会发出了强烈但含混的呼吁:全球化和资本主义应造福所有人。这很衬一场有着言多于行之名的盛会。

    Malcolm Turnbull, the Australian prime minister, spoke3 of the need to civilise capitalism; Christine Lagarde, head of the International Monetary4 Fund, said that growth had been too low for too long for too few.

    澳大利亚总理马尔科姆•特恩布尔(Malcolm Turnbull)谈到了使资本主义文明化的必要性;国际货币基金组织(IMF)总裁克里斯蒂娜•拉加德(Christine Lagarde)表示,全球经济太长时间以来增长太慢,而且惠及的人太少。

    They were reflecting a concern that the insecurities wrought5 by globalisation, particularly trade and migration6, were fuelling populist sentiment and with it a flight towards protectionism and xenophobia.

    他们所表达的是这样一种担忧,全球化——尤其是贸易和移民——造成的不安全感正在加剧民粹主义情绪,随之兴起了一股转向保护主义和排外主义的潮流。

    But few universally applicable solutions were offered.

    但他们没能提出普遍适用的解决方案。

    In a way, that is not surprising.

    从某种程度上讲,这并不奇怪。

    Not only are such concerns largely limited to a set of rich countries, but the answers that they demand will vary from nation to nation.

    不仅此类担忧大都局限于一些发达国家,而且各国所需的解决方案也各不相同。

    The globalisation of trade, technology and to some extent migration are widespread challenges, but there are no universal international solutions.

    贸易、技术以及(某种程度上)移民的全球化是普遍存在的挑战,但对此没有国际通用的解决方案。

    The response to globalisation must begin at home.

    应对全球化挑战必须从各国国内做起。

    To much of the world, the obsession7 with rising inequality and populism must look like western solipsism.

    在许多国家看来,死揪住不平等加剧和民粹主义兴起的问题肯定很像一种西方唯我主义。

    Thanks to the rise of emerging markets, modern globalisation has produced the first worldwide fall in inequality since the west’s industrial revolution.

    得益于新兴市场的崛起,现代全球化带来了西方工业革命以来首次全球范围内不平等程度的下降。

    There is little sign of a general shift towards populism across emerging markets, albeit8 many of them are starting off at a pretty high level.

    几乎没有迹象表明新兴市场正在普遍转向民粹主义,尽管其中许多国家成立之初民粹主义高涨。

    Even within the rich countries, the links between trade, technology and migration on the one side, and inequality and populism on the other, are by no means clear.

    即便在发达国家,贸易、技术、移民与不平等、民粹主义这两组元素之间也不存在明确的关联。

    In the UK, for example, migration and the hollowing-out of traditional manufacturing have widely been cited as reasons for the Leave vote in the Brexit referendum.

    例如,在英国,移民与传统制造业空心化被广泛认为是人们在公投中选择退出欧盟的原因。

    Yet income inequality in the UK has been pretty much flat since the early 1990s.

    然而,英国的收入不平等程度自上世纪90年代初以来变化不大。

    Still, the rise in inequality in many countries, in wealth as well as income, is incontrovertible.

    然而,不能否认许多国家的不平等程度(包括财富和收入)正在加剧。

    The problem is that it usually has a lot more to do with technology than trade, and not much at all with immigration.

    问题在于,这通常更多是由技术而非贸易造成,与移民也关系不大。

    Yet while politicians can address the latter two, they cannot do much about the first, unless they actually manage to ban automation or digitisation in their economies.

    然而,虽然政客们可以解决后两个问题,但他们对技术却无能为力,除非他们能设法禁止本国经济中的自动化和数字化。

    Moreover, the tools that bear directly on trade and movement of people, such as protectionism and strict limits on immigration, tend to do more harm than good.

    此外,直接针对贸易和人口流动的措施——比如保护主义和严格限制移民措施——通常弊大于利。

    Protecting one sector9 exposed to international competition tends to reduce efficiency and redistribute the pain elsewhere.

    保护一个面临国际竞争的行业,往往会降低效率,并将危害转嫁到其他地方。

    Each country’s solution must be tailored to its own conditions and what is politically possible.

    每个国家的解决方案必须根据本国国情及政治可行性来具体制定。

    But there are some useful principles to bear in mind.

    但应牢记一些有益的原则。

    Government policies towards the labour market are best directed at equipping workers for new occupations and cushioning the income impact of structural10 changes rather than trying to preserve all current jobs through stultifying11 regulation.

    劳动力市场政策最好应着眼于培训工人适应新岗位,缓解经济结构调整对收入的影响,而不是试图通过废除规章来维护当前所有工作岗位。

    Rather than blocking immigration, help should be directed at local areas absorbing large numbers of new migrants, to ease the social impact.

    不应阻止移民,而应把重点放在帮助本地区吸收大量新移民,以减缓对社会的冲击。

    Complementing12 money and legislation must come a new honesty among politicians about the nature of the problem and what can be done.

    除了资金和立法,政客们必须拿出新的诚意,坦率说明问题的性质以及能够采取的措施。

    Promising13 massive import tariffs14 or a wall with Mexico is easy.

    誓言征收高额进口关税或者在美国与墨西哥之间修建隔离墙很容易。

    Explaining that technology cannot be uninvented and that adjustment can be eased but not wished away is much harder.

    但要说明已发明的技术抹杀不掉、经济结构调整能够加以舒缓但不会随主观愿望消失就不那么好解释了。

    The G20 did not and will not produce a universal model for inclusive capitalism.

    G20过去没有、将来也无法拿出一种包容性资本主义的通用模式。

    But raising the issue at an international level may encourage individual governments to think harder about what they can achieve at home.

    但在国际层面提出这一问题,或许能鼓励各国政府进一步思考本国能实现的目标。

     9级    英语新闻 


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    1 gathering [ˈgæðərɪŋ] ChmxZ   第8级
    n.集会,聚会,聚集
    参考例句:
    • He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering. 他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
    • He is on the wing gathering material for his novels. 他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。
    2 capitalism [ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm] er4zy   第7级
    n.资本主义
    参考例句:
    • The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed. 他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功。
    • Capitalism began to develop in Russia in the 19th century. 十九世纪资本主义在俄国开始发展。
    3 spoke [spəʊk] XryyC   第11级
    n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
    参考例句:
    • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company. 他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
    • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre. 辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
    4 monetary [ˈmʌnɪtri] pEkxb   第7级
    adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的
    参考例句:
    • The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold. 过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
    • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. 荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
    5 wrought [rɔ:t] EoZyr   第11级
    v.(wreak的过去分词)引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的
    参考例句:
    • Events in Paris wrought a change in British opinion towards France and Germany. 巴黎发生的事件改变了英国对法国和德国的看法。
    • It's a walking stick with a gold head wrought in the form of a flower. 那是一个金质花形包头的拐杖。
    6 migration [maɪˈgreɪʃn] mDpxj   第8级
    n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
    参考例句:
    • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn. 燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
    • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail. 他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
    7 obsession [əbˈseʃn] eIdxt   第7级
    n.困扰,无法摆脱的思想(或情感)
    参考例句:
    • I was suffering from obsession that my career would be ended. 那时的我陷入了我的事业有可能就此终止的困扰当中。
    • She would try to forget her obsession with Christopher. 她会努力忘记对克里斯托弗的迷恋。
    8 albeit [ˌɔ:lˈbi:ɪt] axiz0   第10级
    conj.即使;纵使;虽然
    参考例句:
    • Albeit fictional, she seemed to have resolved the problem. 虽然是虚构的,但是在她看来好象是解决了问题。
    • Albeit he has failed twice, he is not discouraged. 虽然失败了两次,但他并没有气馁。
    9 sector [ˈsektə(r)] yjczYn   第7级
    n.部门,部分;防御地段,防区;扇形
    参考例句:
    • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
    • The enemy have attacked the British sector. 敌人已进攻英国防区。
    10 structural [ˈstrʌktʃərəl] itXw5   第8级
    adj.构造的,组织的,建筑(用)的
    参考例句:
    • The storm caused no structural damage. 风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
    • The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。
    11 stultifying [ˈstʌltɪfaɪɪŋ] 54bdc51a23b11672f621fdf2e593f5fa   第12级
    v.使成为徒劳,使变得无用( stultify的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • the stultifying effects of work that never varies 一成不变的工作造成的使人呆滞的后果
    • At its worst it is corrosive and it is stultifying. 在最坏的情况下,时间具有腐蚀作用,而且使人更为愚钝。 来自互联网
    12 complementing ['kɒmplɪməntɪŋ] fe2da3ba35c87761139744afaf175986   第7级
    补足,补充( complement的现在分词 ); 求反
    参考例句:
    • Maligrant segregants may, therefore, arise when complementing chromosomes are lost. 因此当互补染色体丢失时,就会产生恶性分离子。
    • A complementing circuIt'selects either the subtracter output or the output of the complementing circuit. 取补线路可任意选通减法器的输出或补取线路的输出。
    13 promising [ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ] BkQzsk   第7级
    adj.有希望的,有前途的
    参考例句:
    • The results of the experiments are very promising. 实验的结果充满了希望。
    • We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers. 我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。
    14 tariffs [ˈtærifs] a7eb9a3f31e3d6290c240675a80156ec   第7级
    关税制度; 关税( tariff的名词复数 ); 关税表; (旅馆或饭店等的)收费表; 量刑标准
    参考例句:
    • British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
    • The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

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