轻松背单词新浪微博 轻松背单词腾讯微博
轻松背单词微信服务号
当前位置:首页 -> 9级英语阅读 - > 2017年营商环境报告凸显女性创业歧视
2017年营商环境报告凸显女性创业歧视
添加时间:2016-10-27 17:51:14 浏览次数: 作者:未知
Tip:点击数字可快速查看单词解释  
  • The World Bank has since 2002 documented bureaucratic1 barriers to business around the world from licensing2 requirements to predatory tax regimes.

    自2002年以来世界银行(World Bank)记录了全球种种官僚商业壁垒,比如许可证要求和掠夺性税收制度。

    But in its latest Doing Business report, the bank offers what for many countries — and half their population — is an important question: why is it so much harder for women to do business than men?

    但在世行最新《营商环境报告》(Doing Business)中,该行提出了一个对许多国家——以及它们的半数国民——而言重要的问题:为什么女人做生意比男人难得多?

    For the first time, economists4 at the World Bank this year sought to measure the regulatory environment for female entrepreneurs in starting a business, property rights and enforcing contracts.

    世行经济学家今年首次尝试衡量女性创业者在开办企业、财产权和执行合同方面面临的监管环境。

    Those findings were used as part of the ranking of the 190 countries covered by the report.

    衡量结果被用作《2017年营商环境报告》所覆盖190个国家的部分排名依据。

    In 155 economies women do not have the same legal rights as men, much less the supporting environment that is vital to promote entrepreneurship, said Paul Romer, the World Bank’s new chief economist3.

    世行新任首席经济学家保罗.罗默(Paul Romer)表示:在155个经济体里女性不具有与男子相同的法律权利,更不用说对促进创业至关重要的支持环境。

    The growing consensus5 among economists and policymakers is those sorts of obstacles matter economically.

    经济学家和政策制定者越来越达成共识,认为这些障碍对经济有很大影响。

    According to the World Bank, about a third of small and medium-size enterprises in emerging markets have at least one female owner.

    据世行报告,新兴市场约三分之一的中小企业至少拥有一位女所有者,

    But their average growth rate is significantly lower than male-owned businesses because they lack ready access to credit and face other forms of discrimination.

    但这些企业的平均增长率明显低于男性所有的企业,因为它们难以获得信贷,且面临其他形式歧视。

    In the Middle East and north Africa the gender6 gap in entrepreneurship results in an income loss of almost 30 per cent, according to the bank, with even Europe seeing a 10 per cent loss in income.

    根据世行研究,创业的这种性别差距在中东和北非造成近30%的收入损失,就连欧洲也因此有10%的收入损失。

    The bank’s researchers found 23 economies where women faced a different process to set up a limited liability company, 16 where women did not have the same property rights as men and 17 where if a woman did not have the same legal standing7 as a man in court.

    世行研究人员发现有23个经济体的女性在成立有限责任公司时会面临不同程序,有16个经济体的女性不具备与男性同样的财产权,有17个经济体的女性在法庭上不享有与男性同等的法律地位。

    They found the most restrictive laws in the Middle East and Africa.

    他们发现,中东和非洲实施的法律最具限制性。

    In the Democratic Republic of Congo, for example, married women need their husband’s permission to set up a business.

    例如,在刚果民主共和国,已婚女性需要丈夫许可才能创业。

    In Benin, women need to present a marriage certificate to get the identification documents needed to eventually register a business.

    在贝宁,女性需要提供结婚证明才能获得最终注册企业所需的身份证件。

    The World Bank also collected data on whether countries had requirements for women to serve on corporate8 boards and found nine economies where that was the case including France, Germany, Italy, Norway and India.

    世行还收集了要求公司董事会有女性任职的国家的数据,发现包括法国、德国、意大利、挪威、印度在内的9个经济体有此类要求。

    But the bank decided9 not to include laws requiring female board members as part of its scoring because the evidence on the value of such laws remains10 mixed.

    但世行决定不将要求有女性董事会成员的法律规定计入得分,因为关于此类法律的价值的证据仍不充分。

    According to the bank, for the first time in a decade the world’s best place to do business was somewhere other than Singapore, with New Zealand topping the rankings and the Asian island state falling to second place.

    根据世行的数据,全球最佳经商之地十年来首次易主,新西兰升至榜首,亚洲岛国新加坡排名降至第二。

    Somalia, which was included for the first time this year, was last among the 190 economies ranked.

    今年首次被纳入排名的索马里在190个经济体中排名垫底。

    This year’s rankings also include disappointing news for other big economies.

    今年的排名中其他大型经济体也令人失望。

    India, where the government of Mahendra Modi has put its Doing Business ranking at the heart of reform efforts, did not budge11 in the rankings, coming in 130th and improving its score only marginally.

    虽然纳伦德拉.莫迪(Narendra Modi)政府已把本国的营商环境排名放在改革努力的核心位置,但印度的表现并未出现太大起色,排在第130名,仅有略微提升。

    China, which has sought to eliminate the rankings in the past, moved up six places to 78th place but remained below developing economies such as Azerbaijan, Jamaica and Mongolia.

    曾希望世行删除排名的中国,上升了6位,至第78名,但仍低于阿塞拜疆、牙买加、蒙古等发展中经济体。

    Augusto Lopez-Claros, director of the World Bank’s Global Indicators12 Group, said researchers this year had documented a record 283 reforms in 137 of the 190 countries covered.

    世行旗下全球指标小组(Global Indicators Group)负责人奥古斯托.洛佩斯-克拉罗斯(Augusto Lopez-Claros)称,研究人员今年记录了排名包括的190个国家中137个国家创纪录的283项改革。

    Encouragingly, he said, 80 of those reforms had come in countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

    他说,令人鼓舞的是,其中80项改革发生在撒哈拉以南的非洲国家。

     9级    英语新闻 


    点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

    1 bureaucratic [ˌbjʊərəˈkrætɪk] OSFyE   第10级
    adj.官僚的,繁文缛节的
    参考例句:
    • The sweat of labour washed away his bureaucratic airs. 劳动的汗水冲掉了他身上的官气。
    • In this company you have to go through complex bureaucratic procedures just to get a new pencil. 在这个公司里即使是领一支新铅笔,也必须通过繁琐的手续。
    2 licensing ['laɪsnsɪŋ] 7352ce0b4e0665659ae6466c18decb2a   第7级
    v.批准,许可,颁发执照( license的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
    • That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句
    3 economist [ɪˈkɒnəmɪst] AuhzVs   第8级
    n.经济学家,经济专家,节俭的人
    参考例句:
    • He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem. 他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
    • He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers. 他是个经济学家,自以为什么都懂。
    4 economists [ɪ'kɒnəmɪsts] 2ba0a36f92d9c37ef31cc751bca1a748   第8级
    n.经济学家,经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
    • Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    5 consensus [kənˈsensəs] epMzA   第7级
    n.(意见等的)一致,一致同意,共识
    参考例句:
    • Can we reach a consensus on this issue? 我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗?
    • What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting? 下午会议上一致的意见是什么?
    6 gender [ˈdʒendə(r)] slSyD   第8级
    n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
    参考例句:
    • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns. 法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
    • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender. 妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
    7 standing [ˈstændɪŋ] 2hCzgo   第8级
    n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
    参考例句:
    • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing. 地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
    • They're standing out against any change in the law. 他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
    8 corporate [ˈkɔ:pərət] 7olzl   第7级
    adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
    参考例句:
    • This is our corporate responsibility. 这是我们共同的责任。
    • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail. 他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
    9 decided [dɪˈsaɪdɪd] lvqzZd   第7级
    adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
    参考例句:
    • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents. 这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
    • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting. 英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
    10 remains [rɪˈmeɪnz] 1kMzTy   第7级
    n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
    参考例句:
    • He ate the remains of food hungrily. 他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
    • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog. 残羹剩饭喂狗了。
    11 budge [bʌdʒ] eSRy5   第9级
    vi.移动一点儿;改变立场;vt.使让步;移动;使改变态度或意见
    参考例句:
    • We tried to lift the rock but it wouldn't budge. 我们试图把大石头抬起来,但它连动都没动一下。
    • She wouldn't budge on the issue. 她在这个问题上不肯让步。
    12 indicators ['ɪndɪkeɪtəz] f46872fc1b5f08e9d32bd107be1df829   第9级
    (仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的)指针( indicator的名词复数 ); 指示物; (车辆上的)转弯指示灯; 指示信号
    参考例句:
    • The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。
    • It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。

    文章评论 共有评论 0查看全部

      会员登陆
      热门单词标签
    我的单词印象
    我的理解: