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英国首批三亲婴儿有望2018年诞生
添加时间:2016-12-04 17:12:45 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • A final scientific review has given a green light for British doctors to carry out mitochondrial replacement1, which creates babies with DNA2 from three people in order to avoid genetic3 disease.

    一项最终科学审查为英国医生进行线粒体置换开了绿灯,线粒体置换会诞生拥有3个人的DNA的婴儿,目的是避免基因疾病。

    The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, the UK regulator, commissioned the review to assess new research on the safety of mitochondrial therapy that has been published since Parliament legalised the technique last year.

    英国监管机构人类生育和胚胎学管理局(Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, HFEA)委托了这次审查,以评估英国议会去年将这项技术合法化后发表的有关线粒体疗法安全性的新研究。

    Although some potential hazards were identified, the review panel found that the risks were not great enough to stop the HFEA implementing4 the legislation.

    尽管发现了一些潜在的危害,审查小组认为,这些风险还不足以阻止HFEA实施立法。

    It recommended approval of mitochondrial therapy for cautious use in specific circumstances.

    审查小组建议,批准线粒体疗法在特定情况下谨慎使用。

    Andy Greenfield, panel chair, said this approach strikes the right balance between offering access to this exciting new treatment to couples at real risk of having a . . . child with mitochondrial disease, while doing all we can to ensure that the treatment is safe and effective.

    审查小组主席安迪.格林菲尔德(Andy Greenfield)表示,这种做法在两者之间达到了正确的平衡:一边是为那些真正面临风险,可能生下一个……患有线粒体疾病的孩子的夫妇提供使用这种令人兴奋的新疗法的机会,一边是尽我们所能确保疗法安全有效。

    The HFEA will meet on December 15 to consider the report.

    HFEA将在12月15日开会审议这份报告。

    If it accepts the scientific recommendations, as expected, and invites applications to carry out mitochondrial replacement, these might be approved in time for treatment to begin in the spring.

    如果该局如预期一般接受了这些科学建议,并且邀请有关方面提出进行线粒体置换的申请,这些申请可能得到及时批准,治疗便可在明年春天开始。

    Then, Britain’s first three-parent babies — as they are called in the media but not in the scientific world — could be born in 2018.

    此后,英国的第一个三亲婴儿——这是媒体的叫法,科学界并不这么说——或将在2018年出生。

    We expect the first applications to come from Newcastle University, where they have huge experience looking after patients with mitochondrial disease, said Frances Flinter, professor of clinical genetics at King’s College London and a member of the review panel.

    我们预计纽卡斯尔大学(Newcastle University)将成为首批申请者之一,这所大学在照顾线粒体疾病患者方面拥有丰富经验,审查小组成员、伦敦国王学院(King’s College London)临床遗传学教授弗朗西丝.弗林特(Frances Flinter)表示。

    This is obviously great news, said Professor Doug Turnbull, who leads Newcastle’s mitochondrial programme.

    这显然是个好消息,纽卡斯尔大学线粒体项目负责人道格.特恩布尔(Doug Turnbull)教授说,

    This gives women who have mitochondrial DNA mutations reproductive choice.

    这给了那些线粒体DNA发生突变的女性生育的选择。

    Living cells depend on mitochondria to provide energy for every biological activity.

    活细胞依赖线粒体为每一种生物活动提供能量。

    These microscopic5 power packs have their own DNA, separate from the main genome in the cellular6 nucleus7, and genetic defects can cause a wide range of medical problems from muscle weakness to heart failure and brain disease.

    这些微观的能量组拥有不同于细胞核中主基因组的自身的DNA,线粒体基因缺陷可能导致从肌肉无力、心衰竭到脑部疾病等多种疾病。

    Treatment involves an IVF procedure in which the mother’s faulty mitochondria are replaced with healthy ones from an egg donor8.

    线粒体治疗包含体外受精过程,用卵子捐献者的健康线粒体替换母亲有缺陷的线粒体。

    These donated mitochondrial genes9 represent only a tiny fraction of the maternal10 contribution to the resulting baby’s DNA but they mean that its genetic inheritance comes from two women and one man.

    在婴儿的DNA中,捐献的线粒体的基因在母方基因中的比例非常微小,但这意味着婴儿的基因传承将来自两名女性和一名男性。

    Among the new scientific evidence considered by the HFEA review was a puzzling paper published on Wednesday in the journal Nature, which suggested that transplantation might occasionally fail to eliminate faulty mitochondria.

    审查考虑的新科学证据包括本周三《自然》(Nature)杂志在线发表的一份令人困惑的论文,该文认为,移植有时可能无法完全去除缺陷线粒体。

    But the panel concluded that this was unlikely to pose a serious threat in practice.

    但审查小组的结论是,在实践中这不太可能构成严重威胁。

    The review also found that an alternative approach — screening IVF embryos11 for mitochondrial abnormalities before implantation — was not a sufficiently12 reliable way to prevent mitochondrial disease.

    审查还发现,替代办法——在将体外受精胚胎植入母体前筛查线粒体异常——作为预防线粒体疾病的方法不够可靠。

    At least one three-parent baby already exists.

    世界上至少已经存在一名三亲婴儿。

    A healthy boy was born earlier this year following mitochondrial treatment in Mexico where there is no legislation covering the technique.

    今年早些时候,一个团队在没有关于这项技术的立法的墨西哥使用线粒体疗法让一个健康的男婴出生。

    This famous Mexican baby seems OK but we don’t have enough details really to comment, said Robin13 Lovell-Badge of the Crick Institute in London, another member of the HFEA panel.

    这个著名的墨西哥婴儿似乎状态良好,但我们确实没有掌握足够的细节发表评论,审查小组成员、伦敦弗朗西斯.克里克研究所(Francis Crick Institute)的罗宾.洛弗尔-巴杰(Robin Lovell-Badge)说。

     10级    英语新闻 


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    1 replacement [rɪˈpleɪsmənt] UVxxM   第7级
    n.取代,替换,交换;替代品,代用品
    参考例句:
    • We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant. 我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
    • They put all the students through the replacement examination. 他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。
    2 DNA [ˌdi: en ˈeɪ] 4u3z1l   第8级
    (缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
    参考例句:
    • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell. 脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
    • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code. 基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
    3 genetic [dʒəˈnetɪk] PgIxp   第7级
    adj.遗传的,遗传学的
    参考例句:
    • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases. 遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
    • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information. 每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
    4 implementing [ˈimpliməntɪŋ] be68540dfa000a0fb38be40d32259215   第7级
    v.实现( implement的现在分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
    参考例句:
    • -- Implementing a comprehensive drug control strategy. ――实行综合治理的禁毒战略。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
    • He was in no hurry about implementing his unshakable principle. 他并不急于实行他那不可动摇的原则。 来自辞典例句
    5 microscopic [ˌmaɪkrəˈskɒpɪk] nDrxq   第8级
    adj.微小的,细微的,极小的,显微的
    参考例句:
    • It's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting. 不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
    • A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves. 植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。
    6 cellular [ˈseljələ(r)] aU1yo   第7级
    adj.移动的;细胞的,由细胞组成的
    参考例句:
    • She has a cellular telephone in her car. 她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。
    • Many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers. 很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量湿度的传感元件。
    7 nucleus [ˈnju:kliəs] avSyg   第7级
    n.核,核心,原子核
    参考例句:
    • These young people formed the nucleus of the club. 这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
    • These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime. 这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。
    8 donor [ˈdəʊnə(r)] dstxI   第7级
    n.捐献者;赠送人;(组织、器官等的)供体
    参考例句:
    • In these cases, the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards. 在这类情况下,接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
    • The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity. 医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。
    9 genes [dʒi:nz] 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0   第7级
    n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
    10 maternal [məˈtɜ:nl] 57Azi   第8级
    adj.母亲的,母亲般的,母系的,母方的
    参考例句:
    • He is my maternal uncle. 他是我舅舅。
    • The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts. 那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。
    11 embryos ['embrɪəʊz] 0e62a67414ef42288b74539e591aa30a   第8级
    n.晶胚;胚,胚胎( embryo的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • Somatic cells of angiosperms enter a regenerative phase and behave like embryos. 被子植物体细胞进入一个生殖阶段,而且其行为象胚。 来自辞典例句
    • Evolution can explain why human embryos look like gilled fishes. 进化论能够解释为什么人类的胚胎看起来象除去了内脏的鱼一样。 来自辞典例句
    12 sufficiently [sə'fɪʃntlɪ] 0htzMB   第8级
    adv.足够地,充分地
    参考例句:
    • It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently. 原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
    • The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views. 新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。
    13 robin [ˈrɒbɪn] Oj7zme   第10级
    n.知更鸟,红襟鸟
    参考例句:
    • The robin is the messenger of spring. 知更鸟是报春的使者。
    • We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. 我们看见了一只知更鸟,知道春天要到了。

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