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世界可实现脱碳目标
添加时间:2017-04-30 21:24:13 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • In 1992, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change rightly called for a stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous climate change. The UN Climate talks that have just begun in Paris can and should underpin1 the decarbonisation of the global economy needed to meet that goal.

    1992年,《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC)提出了一项正确的呼吁,即将温室气体浓度稳定在一个水平上,以防止危险的气候变化。刚刚在巴黎启动的联合国气候谈判能够而且也应该巩固全球经济脱碳,以实现这一目标。

    Signatories to the convention have agreed to limit global warming to no more than 2C, or 1.5C if the emerging science justifies2 it. To have a two-thirds probability of meeting the 2C target, total CO emissions3 between 2011 and 2100 have to be less than 950bn tons. Emissions from energy need to fall from about 35bn tons this year to 10-15bn tons by 2050, and to zero by about 2070.

    公约签署国已达成共识,将气温上升幅度限制在2摄氏度以内,或者(如果新兴科学能够证明这个数字合理)1.5摄氏度以内。要使实现“2度”目标的可能性达到三分之二,2011年到2100年的总二氧化碳排放量就必须少于9500亿吨。到2050年,能源方面的排放量需要从今年的大约350亿吨下降到100亿至150亿吨,并在2070年前后达到接近零排放的水平。

    Such decarbonisation is achievable with current technologies. The cost will be modest assuming significant technological4 improvements that are within reach, through a combination of targeted research and learning by doing.

    当前的技术是能够实现这一脱碳目标的。假如技术能够取得长足的进步,成本将不会太高。而通过针对性研究和边做边学,这样的技术进步也在我们力所能及的范围内。

    A global collaboration5 of energy research teams has identified the steps that need to be taken by 16 countries that are major emitters. The proposals all involve better energy efficiency, through smart buildings, power grids6 and transport. They rely on low-carbon power, such as wind, solar, nuclear, geothermal or hydroelectric. They entail7 eliminating carbon-based fuels: vehicles and planes must switch to electricity, hydrogen fuel cells or advanced biofuels; industry must swap8 heating oil for electricity and fuel cells.

    全球多个能源研究团队通过合作确定了16个主要排放国需要采取的措施。这些建议都涉及通过智能建筑、电网和运输实现更高能效;依赖风能、太阳能、核能、地热能或者水力发电等低碳能源;消除碳基燃料:车辆和飞机需要切换到电力、氢燃料电池或者更先进的生物燃料;工业必须将燃油换成电力和燃料电池。

    As for the technology, one priority is improved batteries for home appliances, electric vehicles and electricity grids. Another is carbon capture, and a way to use carbon dioxide to make synthetic9 fuels using renewable energy. A third is “smart” electricity grids, based on metering and feedback. Finally, publicly accepted nuclear power.

    至于技术方面,一个优先事项是改善家用电器电池、电动汽车和电网。另一项是碳捕获,以及利用二氧化碳和可再生能源制造合成燃料。第三项是基于监测和反馈的“智能”电网。最后是公众接受核能。

    An agreement is needed to prevent countries from freeriding on the efforts of others, to facilitate co-operation on technology and to provide public goods such as climate financing for poor countries. Yet the multilateral system has failed repeatedly; success is not assured.

    需要达成协议,以防止一些国家在其他国家采取努力的情况下“搭便车”,促进技术合作,为贫穷国家提供气候融资等公共产品。然而,多边体系一再失败;这一次也无法保证能够成功。

    The UN convention required rich countries to move first, but until now the US Senate has insisted that China move together with America. Last year China agreed, even committing to provide climate finance for poor countries. For the first time since 1992, the US, China and the EU are aligned10.

    联合国气候变化框架公约》要求富裕国家首先采取行动,但直至现在,美国参议院一直坚持要求中国与美国一同行动。去年,中国表态同意,还更进一步,承诺为穷国提供气候融资。自1992年以来,美国、中国和欧洲首次协调一致。

    Leaders must reaffirm the 2C limit in Paris, and check every five years whether a tougher one is needed. They should commit to decarbonisation this century and explain by 2018 how they intend to pursue it to 2050. Major economies must spend more on research and development, and say how they will pay for at least $100bn a year in additional climate financing for low-income countries by 2020. The deal they strike should be reviewed every five years.

    各国领导人必须在巴黎气候大会上重申“2度”的上限,并且每五年确认是否需要一个更严格的上限。他们必须承诺在本世纪脱碳,并且在2018年解释为实现这一目标到2050年的行动计划。主要经济体必须在研发方面投入更多资金,并且说明它们将如何在2020年前每年至少拿出1000亿美元,为低收入国家提供额外的气候融资。达成的协议应该每5年进行一次审核。

    For years, sceptics have attacked climate science. Now they attack the Paris conference itself — wrongly alleging11 that the needed technologies do not yet exist or arguing, illogically, that climate change is a low priority or that adaptation is better than prevention. They quibble absurdly with specific reduction pledges made in advance of Paris, pretending that these would be the final word until the end of this century.

    多年来,持怀疑态度的人都在攻击气候科学。现在他们攻击巴黎气候大会本身——他们错误地声称所需的技术还不存在,或者不合逻辑地主张气候变化不需要优先考虑,或者适应比预防更好。他们荒谬地对巴黎气候大会之前所做的具体减排承诺吹毛求疵,假装这些直到本世纪末都将是最终定论。

    This is word play, not serious analysis of what can be done, should be done and may well emerge from Paris. The governments there will pay little attention to such scepticism.

    这是文字游戏,而不是对人们能够做的、应该做的以及巴黎大会可能成果的严肃分析。参加这次大会的各国政府不会在意这些怀疑。

     9级    英语新闻 


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    1 underpin [ˌʌndəˈpɪn] dkVws   第11级
    vt.加固,支撑
    参考例句:
    • China needs regional stability to underpin its continued economic growth. 中国需要地区稳定来巩固其持续的经济增长。
    • These developments are underpinned by solid progress in heavy industry. 重工业的稳固发展为这些进展打下了基础。
    2 justifies [ˈdʒʌstifaiz] a94dbe8858a25f287b5ae1b8ef4bf2d2   第7级
    证明…有理( justify的第三人称单数 ); 为…辩护; 对…作出解释; 为…辩解(或辩护)
    参考例句:
    • Their frequency of use both justifies and requires the memorization. 频繁的使用需要记忆,也促进了记忆。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
    • In my judgement the present end justifies the means. 照我的意见,只要目的正当,手段是可以不计较的。
    3 emissions [ɪˈmɪʃənz] 1a87f8769eb755734e056efecb5e2da9   第7级
    排放物( emission的名词复数 ); 散发物(尤指气体)
    参考例句:
    • Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
    • Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。
    4 technological [ˌteknə'lɒdʒɪkl] gqiwY   第7级
    adj.技术的;工艺的
    参考例句:
    • A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change. 一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
    • Today, the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements. 当今,随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
    5 collaboration [kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn] bW7yD   第7级
    n.合作,协作;勾结
    参考例句:
    • The two companies are working in close collaboration each other. 这两家公司密切合作。
    • He was shot for collaboration with the enemy. 他因通敌而被枪毙了。
    6 grids [ɡ'rɪdz] 3ee63c2476f49cd6c03c72e14687b4f7   第9级
    n.格子( grid的名词复数 );地图上的坐标方格;(输电线路、天然气管道等的)系统网络;(汽车比赛)赛车起跑线
    参考例句:
    • Typical framed structures are beams, grids, plane and space frames or trusses. 典型构架结构为梁、格栅、平面的和空间的框架或桁架。 来自辞典例句
    • The machines deliver trimmed grids for use or stock. 这种机器铸出修整过的板栅,以供使用或储存。 来自辞典例句
    7 entail [ɪnˈteɪl] ujdzO   第7级
    vt.使承担,使成为必要,需要
    参考例句:
    • Such a decision would entail a huge political risk. 这样的决定势必带来巨大的政治风险。
    • This job would entail your learning how to use a computer. 这工作将需要你学会怎样用计算机。
    8 swap [swɒp] crnwE   第8级
    n.交换;vt.交换,用...作交易
    参考例句:
    • I will swap you my bicycle for your radio. 我想拿我的自行车换你的收音机。
    • This comic was a swap that I got from Nick. 这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。
    9 synthetic [sɪnˈθetɪk] zHtzY   第7级
    adj.合成的,人工的;综合的;n.人工制品
    参考例句:
    • We felt the salesman's synthetic friendliness. 我们感觉到那位销售员的虚情假意。
    • It's a synthetic diamond. 这是人造钻石。
    10 aligned [ə'laɪnd] 165f93b99f87c219277d70d866425da6   第8级
    adj.对齐的,均衡的
    参考例句:
    • Make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard.务必使搁架与橱柜顶端对齐。
    11 alleging [əˈledʒɪŋ] 16407100de5c54b7b204953b7a851bc3   第7级
    断言,宣称,辩解( allege的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • His reputation was blemished by a newspaper article alleging he'd evaded his taxes. 由于报上一篇文章声称他曾逃税,他的名誉受到损害。
    • This our Peeress declined as unnecessary, alleging that her cousin Thornhill's recommendation would be sufficient. 那位贵人不肯,还说不必,只要有她老表唐希尔保荐就够了。

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