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限煤令遭遇天然气供应短缺
添加时间:2017-12-06 13:18:16 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Gas-supply shortages are hitting north and central China as Beijing tries to accelerate a shift away from coal rather than miss environmental targets this year.

    天然气供应短缺正在影响中国北部和中部地区——中国政府正试图加速从煤炭转向其他能源,力求实现今年的环保目标。

    The situation has left some residents — mainly poor, urban migrants — without heat as temperatures drop below zero.

    这使得一些居民(主要是城市里的贫困外来人口)在降至零度以下的气温中无法取暖。

    China’s emissions1 have fallen in recent years as a slowdown in economic growth hit heavily polluting industries in the north of the country. But an uptick in economic growth rates this year has caused emissions to rebound2, forcing the government to double down on measures designed to control pollution from coal use.

    近年来中国的排放量有所下降,原因是经济增长放缓冲击了中国北方的重污染工业。但今年经济增长率的提高导致排放量出现反弹,迫使政府加大力度推行旨在控制用煤污染的举措。

    The cutback in coal has created strong demand for liquefied natural gas and pushed LNG prices up by more than 40 per cent as of late November compared with the year before.

    削减用煤催生了对液化天然气(LNG)的强劲需求,导致今年11月底液化天然气价格比去年同期上涨逾40%。

    Coupled with a cold spell over the past week, the shift away from coal has triggered shortages in natural gas supply in Hebei, the industrial province that rings Beijing, and as far south as Zhejiang Province, a centre for light industry in the Yangtze River Delta3.

    从煤炭转向其他能源的举措,再加上过去一周的寒冷天气,导致从环京工业省份河北到南方轻工业中心浙江等多地出现天然气供应短缺。

    “It’s definitely tight right now,” said Zhou Xizhou, managing director for Asia gas and power at IHS Markit.

    IHS Markit亚洲天然气和电力主管周希舟说:“现在确实很紧张。”

    The state planning agency, the National Development and Reform Commission, has warned local gas companies to “standardise price behaviour”, according to state media.

    据中国官方媒体报道,国家发展和改革委员会警告地方天然气公司“规范价格行为”。

    Mr Zhou said the government had dealt with the “low hanging fruit” of managing large pollution sources such as power plants, but was having a more difficult time addressing diffuse4 coal use by smaller businesses and residential5 neighbourhoods. “This winter will be interesting for how severe the impact [of the coal control measures] will be. It will set the course for how they deal with it in the future.”

    周希舟表示,政府已经解决了“好摘的果子”,即控制像发电厂这样的大污染源,但在处理小企业和居民的零散煤炭使用方面,政府面临更大困难。“今年冬天值得关注,因为可以看出(控制用煤措施的)冲击有多严重。今年将确定未来应对此问题的路线。”

    A plan to address choking and politically unpopular air pollution in northern China involves moving heavy industry away from wealthy and populous6 cities into the poorer hinterland.

    解决中国北方令人窒息、在政治上不得人心的空气污染的计划之一,是将重工业从经济发达和人口密集的城市转移至经济欠发达的内陆地区。

    Other measures involve switching small businesses off coal-fired boilers7 and on to the power grid8, and converting residential neighbourhoods to gas heat.

    其他举措包括中小企业锅炉“煤改电”,住宅供暖“煤改气”。

    Beijing has banned the burning of low-quality coal briquettes for residential heating, even as it tears down migrant neighbourhoods in a campaign designed to cap the city’s population.

    北京已经禁止居民烧低品质煤块取暖,同时还为限制北京人口而拆除外来人口聚居区。

    Heating and other residential uses account for about half of the coal used in Beijing and surrounding regions in the winter, when air pollution normally spikes9.

    取暖和其他居家用途约占北京及周边地区冬季煤炭使用量的一半。冬季往往空气污染最为严重。

    Villages in the mountains outside Beijing have been supplied with cleaner-burning coal briquettes but in sprawling10 urban neighbourhoods, many residents have had to switch to electric space heaters. Some poorer migrants crammed11 into slums in the outskirts12 of the city are living with no heat at all.

    在北京城外的山村,人们获得了更清洁的无烟煤供应,但在广大城市地区,许多居民不得不改用电暖器。挤住在城郊棚户区的贫穷外来人口甚至在根本无法取暖的条件下生活。

    “It’s cold! BRRR!” a migrant cleaning woman surnamed Chen texted from an unheated farmhouse13 near the Beijing airport, as night-time temperatures plunged14 well below zero last week. Her landlord began forbidding coal stove-heaters early this year, in line with the new regulations.

    在北京机场附近一处没有供暖的农舍,一位从事清洁工作的陈姓女外来务工人员发短信说:“真冷!呵!”上周这里的夜间温度降至零下好几度。为了遵守新规,她的房东今年早些时候开始禁止住户使用煤炉来取暖。

    Expectations of rising Chinese gas demand are driving greenfield natural gas projects in Siberia and boosting hopes of LNG sales from the US, although prices of gas in east Asia are still too low to make US LNG cost-competitive. China currently imports about half the gas it uses, either through pipes from central Asia or in the form of LNG.

    中国对天然气的需求将会上升的预期,正在提振西伯利亚的待开发天然气项目,并且提高了美国出售液化天然气的希望——尽管东亚天然气的低价依然使美国的液化天然气难以具备价格竞争力。目前中国使用的天然气中约有一半是进口的,或是通过中亚输气管道输送,或是以液化天然气形式进口进来。

    But in the short term, the shortages derive15 from Beijing’s ambitious attempt to redesign the energy-use patterns of much of the northern half of the country.

    但从短期来看,天然气的短缺源于北京方面雄心勃勃的尝试——改变中国北方大部分地区的能源使用格局。

    This year is not the first time that Beijing’s targets for improving environmental quality have bumped up against unexpectedly strong growth. In 2010, homes and hospitals in Quanjiao County, a car parts manufacturing hub along the Yangtze River, were plunged into darkness after a panicky local government shut down county-wide electricity supply rather than miss targets for improving energy efficiency.

    今年并不是中国政府改善环境质量的目标第一次与意外强劲的经济增长发生碰撞。2010年,在长江边的汽车部件制造中心安徽省滁州市全椒县,为了完成节能减排目标,焦虑的当地政府在全县拉闸断电,居民住宅和医院都陷入黑暗之中。

     9级    英语新闻 


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    1 emissions [ɪˈmɪʃənz] 1a87f8769eb755734e056efecb5e2da9   第7级
    排放物( emission的名词复数 ); 散发物(尤指气体)
    参考例句:
    • Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
    • Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。
    2 rebound [rɪˈbaʊnd] YAtz1   第10级
    n. 回弹;篮板球 vi. 回升;弹回 vt. 使弹回
    参考例句:
    • The vibrations accompanying the rebound are the earth quake. 伴随这种回弹的振动就是地震。
    • Our evil example will rebound upon ourselves. 我们的坏榜样会回到我们自己头上的。
    3 delta [ˈdeltə] gxvxZ   第8级
    n.(流的)角洲
    参考例句:
    • He has been to the delta of the Nile. 他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
    • The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta. 尼罗河在河口分岔,形成了一个三角洲。
    4 diffuse [dɪˈfju:s] Al0zo   第7级
    vt.&vi.扩散;传播;adj.冗长的;四散的,弥漫的
    参考例句:
    • Direct light is better for reading than diffuse light. 直射光比漫射光更有利于阅读。
    • His talk was so diffuse that I missed his point. 他的谈话漫无边际,我抓不住他的要点。
    5 residential [ˌrezɪˈdenʃl] kkrzY3   第7级
    adj.提供住宿的;居住的;住宅的
    参考例句:
    • The mayor inspected the residential section of the city. 市长视察了该市的住宅区。
    • The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college. 住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。
    6 populous [ˈpɒpjələs] 4ORxV   第9级
    adj.人口稠密的,人口众多的
    参考例句:
    • London is the most populous area of Britain. 伦敦是英国人口最稠密的地区。
    • China is the most populous developing country in the world. 中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家。
    7 boilers ['bɔɪləz] e1c9396ee45d737fc4e1d3ae82a0ae1f   第7级
    锅炉,烧水器,水壶( boiler的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • Even then the boilers often burst or came apart at the seams. 甚至那时的锅炉也经常从焊接处爆炸或裂开。 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史
    • The clean coal is sent to a crusher and the boilers. 干净的煤送入破碎机和锅炉。
    8 grid [grɪd] 5rPzpK   第9级
    n.高压输电线路网;地图坐标方格;格栅
    参考例句:
    • In this application, the carrier is used to encapsulate the grid. 在这种情况下,要用载体把格栅密封起来。
    • Modern gauges consist of metal foil in the form of a grid. 现代应变仪则由网格形式的金属片组成。
    9 spikes ['spaɪks] jhXzrc   第10级
    n.穗( spike的名词复数 );跑鞋;(防滑)鞋钉;尖状物v.加烈酒于( spike的第三人称单数 );偷偷地给某人的饮料加入(更多)酒精( 或药物);把尖状物钉入;打乱某人的计划
    参考例句:
    • a row of iron spikes on a wall 墙头的一排尖铁
    • There is a row of spikes on top of the prison wall to prevent the prisoners escaping. 监狱墙头装有一排尖钉,以防犯人逃跑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    10 sprawling [ˈsprɔ:lɪŋ] 3ff3e560ffc2f12f222ef624d5807902   第9级
    adj.蔓生的,不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 );蔓延;杂乱无序地拓展;四肢伸展坐着(或躺着)
    参考例句:
    • He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV. 他伸开手脚坐在电视机前的一张扶手椅上。
    • a modern sprawling town 一座杂乱无序拓展的现代城镇
    11 crammed [kræmd] e1bc42dc0400ef06f7a53f27695395ce   第8级
    adj.塞满的,挤满的;大口地吃;快速贪婪地吃v.把…塞满;填入;临时抱佛脚( cram的过去式)
    参考例句:
    • He crammed eight people into his car. 他往他的车里硬塞进八个人。
    • All the shelves were crammed with books. 所有的架子上都堆满了书。
    12 outskirts [ˈaʊtskɜ:ts] gmDz7W   第7级
    n.郊外,郊区
    参考例句:
    • Our car broke down on the outskirts of the city. 我们的汽车在市郊出了故障。
    • They mostly live on the outskirts of a town. 他们大多住在近郊。
    13 farmhouse [ˈfɑ:mhaʊs] kt1zIk   第8级
    n.农场住宅(尤指主要住房)
    参考例句:
    • We fell for the farmhouse as soon as we saw it. 我们对那所农舍一见倾心。
    • We put up for the night at a farmhouse. 我们在一间农舍投宿了一夜。
    14 plunged [plʌndʒd] 06a599a54b33c9d941718dccc7739582   第7级
    v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 );暴跌;骤降;突降
    参考例句:
    • The train derailed and plunged into the river. 火车脱轨栽进了河里。
    • She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. 她没有站稳,从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。
    15 derive [dɪˈraɪv] hmLzH   第7级
    vt.取得;导出;引申;来自;源自;出自;vi.起源
    参考例句:
    • We derive our sustenance from the land. 我们从土地获取食物。
    • We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels. 我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。

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