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气候变化可能导致鱼类萎缩
添加时间:2018-02-17 20:41:52 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • As the world's oceans heat up, salmon1 are migrating earlier. Plankton2 are shifting their range.

    由于全球海洋升温,所以鲑鱼洄游的时间提前了。浮游生物也在改变它们的生存范围。

    But warmer water temperatures also mean warmer fish—and faster-running metabolisms4.

    而水温升高也意味着鱼类的体温升高,新陈代谢也会加快。

    "Fish that are in water of higher temperature have a higher metabolic5 rate, meaning they have to consume more oxygen," said Daniel Pauly, a fisheries scientist at the University of British Columbia.

    英国哥伦比亚大学的渔业科学家丹尼尔·保利表示:“在高温水中生活的鱼类的新陈代谢率也较高,这表明它们要消耗更多氧气。”

    "Because essentially6 the whole metabolism3, all the chemical reactions in your body, are accelerated."

    “因为从本质上说,体内整个新陈代谢和所有的化学反应都在加速。”

    So, how about growing bigger gills to allow for more oxygen intake7? Pauly did the physiological8 math, and concluded that bigger gills just won't do the job.

    那要是通过长出更大的鱼鳃来摄入更多氧气呢?保利就此进行了生理学运算,结论是鱼鳃变大并不能吸入更多氧气。

    Because he says gills, being relatively9 two-dimensional, simply can't keep up with the three-dimensional growth of the rest of a fish's body.

    他表示,因为相对来说鱼鳃的结构是平面的,而其它部位是立体的,所以鱼鳃变大跟不上身体增长的氧气需求。

    Instead, Pauly's calculations suggest that, to feed their increasing need for oxygen, fish of all kinds may actually shrink as a result of climate change.

    相反,保利的计算表明,为了满足自身日益增长的氧气需求,所有鱼类的体型可能都会缩小,这就是气候变化造成的后果。

    With decreased supply, they'll need to lower demand. The study is in the journal Global Change Biology.

    随着供给减少,它们的需求也会减少。这项研究结果发表在《全球变化生物学》期刊上。

    One more detail bears mentioning: that is the warmer water also holds less dissolved oxygen. "So the two effects, increased demand and the lowered supply are working towards making the fish smaller."

    还有一个细节值得一提:水温升高会导致水中的溶解氧含量减少。“因此,需求增加和供给减少这两种因素共同作用,会使鱼类体型变小。”

     12级    英语新闻 


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    1 salmon [ˈsæmən] pClzB   第7级
    n.鲑,大马哈鱼,橙红色的
    参考例句:
    • We saw a salmon jumping in the waterfall there. 我们看见一条大马哈鱼在那边瀑布中跳跃。
    • Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment? 现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗?
    2 plankton [ˈplæŋktən] B2IzA   第9级
    n.浮游生物
    参考例句:
    • Plankton is at the bottom of the marine food chain. 浮游生物处于海洋食物链的最底层。
    • The plankton in the sea feeds many kinds of animals. 海的浮游生物成为很多种动物的食物。
    3 metabolism [məˈtæbəlɪzəm] 171zC   第8级
    n.新陈代谢
    参考例句:
    • After years of dieting, Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack. 经过数年的节食,卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
    • All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism. 生物都有新陈代谢。
    4 metabolisms ['mɪtæbəlɪzəmz] fef5637ca3ae7cdc1a11a48aef5a9487   第8级
    n.新陈代谢( metabolism的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • Garden snails are evolving slower metabolisms. 花园蜗牛新陈代谢进化缓慢。 来自互联网
    • Elite swimmers tend to be born with certain advantages, such as superefficient metabolisms. 精华的游泳者趋于与某个优点出生,例如superefficient新陈代谢。 来自互联网
    5 metabolic [ˌmetə'bɒlɪk] 2R4z1   第11级
    adj.新陈代谢的
    参考例句:
    • Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis. 在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
    • A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis. 许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。
    6 essentially [ɪˈsenʃəli] nntxw   第8级
    adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
    参考例句:
    • Really great men are essentially modest. 真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
    • She is an essentially selfish person. 她本质上是个自私自利的人。
    7 intake [ˈɪnteɪk] 44cyQ   第7级
    n.吸入,纳入;进气口,入口
    参考例句:
    • Reduce your salt intake. 减少盐的摄入量。
    • There was a horrified intake of breath from every child. 所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。
    8 physiological [ˌfɪzɪə'lɒdʒɪkl] aAvyK   第7级
    adj.生理学的,生理学上的
    参考例句:
    • He bought a physiological book. 他买了一本生理学方面的书。
    • Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient. 每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。
    9 relatively [ˈrelətɪvli] bkqzS3   第8级
    adv.比较...地,相对地
    参考例句:
    • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia. 兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
    • The operation was relatively painless. 手术相对来说不痛。

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