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双语:关于女强人你误解她了吗?
添加时间:2019-04-09 08:08:57 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • No. 1: Ice Queen

    误解一:女强人都是冰皇后

    Halley Bock, CEO of leadership and development training company Fierce, notes that the ruthless “ice queen” stereotype1 is rampant2. Cultural depictions, like frigid3 magazine editor Miranda Priestly in The Devil Wears Prada (and her real-world counterpart Anna Wintour of Vogue) and back-stabbing boss Patty Hewes on Damages, paint successful women as unsympathetic power-mongers. It is, of course, a Catch-22. “A woman who shows emotion in the workplace is often cast as too fragile or unstable4 to lead,” Bock said. “A woman who shows no emotion and keeps it hyper-professional is icy and unfeminine. For many women, it can be a no-win situation.”

    海利?伯克说,很多人都把成功女性看做冷酷无情的“冰皇后”。在影视文化作品中,成功女性被描绘成没有同情心,只知道追求权力的形象,比如《穿普拉达的恶魔》一片中的杂志主编米兰达(其原型是时尚杂志《Vogue》的主编温图尔),还有法律悬疑剧《伤害》中暗箭伤人的老板帕蒂-海渥丝。这是一种悖论,“女性如果在工作场合表现出个人情感,会被看做脆弱不可信任,如果不在工作中掺杂个人情感,表现的非常职业,又会被人说是缺乏温柔冷冰冰。对很多女性来说,无论怎样做都不讨好。”

    No. 2: Single and Lonely

    误解二:女强人既孤单又寂寞

    Harvard lecturer Olivia Fox Cabane notes that the strong perception that powerful women are intimidating5 to men and will need to sacrifice their personal lives may stop women from going after power. Even those women who aren’t interested in marrying, face harsh judgments7. Men get to be “bachelors” while women are reduced to “spinsters” and “old-maids。” In fact, when Janet Napolitano was nominated Secretary of Homeland Security, critics said her being single would allow her to “spend more time on the job.”

    哈佛大学讲师奥利维亚福克斯指出,“成功女性会令男性望而却步,而且要牺牲个人生活”的普遍观念,可能会使得女性停止追求事业上的成功。即便有的女性对婚姻不感兴趣,也会面对尖刻的评论。那些未婚的男性被称作“单身汉”,而未婚的女性会被称作“老处女”或“老妈子”。事实上,当纳波利塔诺被提名国土安全局局长时,有评论讽刺她说,单身的她会有更多时间用于工作。

    No. 3: Tough

    误解三:女强人都是强硬派

    The first female Executive Editor of The New York Times, Jill Abramson is anything but stereotypical8. She had a hard-charging career as an investigative reporter at The Wall Street Journal and edited her way to the top of the Times masthead. She’s also a true-blood New Yorker and is writing a book about puppies. Despite her complexities9, she must contend with being called “tough” and “brusque,” making the “she’s-tough stereotype” her least favorite. Said Abramson: “As an investigative reporter, I had tough standards and a formidable way of framing and reporting stories, but I don’t think of myself as a tough person.”

    吉尔?艾布拉姆森是《纽约时报》的第一位女主编,她绝不是刻板之人。吉尔曾做过华尔街日报调查记者,她按照自己的想法来编辑时报刊头。她也是一个地道的纽约人,目前正在写一本关于小狗的书。有很多词都可以用来形容她,但吉尔最不喜欢的词就是“强硬”和“粗暴”,她说:“作为一个调查记者,我对撰写报道有严格 的标准要求,但我不认为自己是一个强硬之人。”

    No. 4: Weak

    误解四:“软弱”你的名字叫女人

    Costa Rica President Laura Chinchilla, the country’s first female leader, told me that successful women face typecasting largely because society is still adjusting to women’s recent decision-making power. Chinchilla believes the most pervasive10 stereotype is that women are “weak,” a perception that may stem from women’s greater desire to build a consensus11. “We understand success not as the result of just one person but as the result of a team,” she said. “[It’s a] different way of dealing12 with power [that] is misunderstood as a kind of weakness。”

    哥斯达黎加总统劳拉?钦奇利亚是该国的第一位女性领导人。她说成功女性之所以受刻板印象困扰,是因为这个社会还没有适应女性掌管权力。她认为最普遍的刻板印象是:女性都很“软弱”,人们之所以会有这种想法,可能是女性更愿意作出妥协达成共识。“女性更愿意追求团队的成功,而不是个人胜利。”她说,“把这种处理权力的方式看做软弱,是对女性的误解。”

    No. 5: Masculine

    误解五:“巾帼”必须男子气十足

    The notion that powerful women must be, lead and look like a man really aggravates13 Christine Lagarde, the managing director of the International Monetary14 Fund. In a video interview with FORBES she said–pumping her fist–she hates the idea that “you have to look like a businessman。” She admitted she sometimes feels the pressure to look the “right” way, but tries to resist not being “overly businesslike.”

    成功女性行事要有男子气概——这一说法令国际货币基金组织总裁拉加德大为光火。在福布斯的视频采访中,她挥舞着拳说她痛恨“必须打扮成商人模样”这一说法。她承认自己有时会感受到“得体着装”的压力,但她尽量不打扮的“过于务实”。

    No. 6: Conniving15

    误解六:女人要靠“潜规则”

    When NBC’s Curry16 first started her career, she was told she couldn’t be a news reporter because women had “no news judgment6。” Now, she’s at the top of her game and says the stereotype that most offends her is “the idea that a woman can only be successful because she somehow connived17 or engineered her rise–that she could not rise simply because she was too good to be denied。” She has experienced it herself, saying that she gets asked if she “forced” NBC to give her the anchor job or if there was a “backroom deal。” Curry told me, “I find it really annoying.”

    当NBC电视台 的库里刚开始她的职业生涯时,别人说她不可能成为一名新闻记者,因为女性“没有新闻头脑”。现在,她已经成为一名顶尖的新闻记者。她说最令她生气的说法是“一个女性之所以能成功,靠的是潜规则,而不是她出色的工作能力。” 她自己就有这样的经历,有人问她是不是“强迫”电视台给她新闻主播的工作,或者有没有“幕后交易”。库里说道:“这种说法实在令人恼火。”

    No. 7: Emotional

    误解七:女人容易情绪化

    Ellen Lubin-Sherman, executive coach and author of business guide The Essentials of Fabulous18, believes one the most dangerous stereotypes19 female leaders will face is that they are prone20 toemotional outbursts. Despite Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s consistent cool-headed demeanor21, when she teared up on the campaign trail, the media pounced22. Similarly, former Yahoo Chief Carol Bartz is frequently cited for her “salty language,” which has been used as evidence that she is “emotional” and a “loose cannon23.”

    埃伦?鲁宾?谢尔曼商业指导《完美要素》的作者和导师,在她看来,人们普遍认为女性领导人容易受到情绪影响。尽管国务卿希拉里?克林顿一向行事冷静,当她在竞选案中落泪时,媒体们一拥而上大做文章。同样,人们说起前雅虎首席执行官卡罗尔?巴茨时常提到她的“不文明用语”,正因如此,人们把她看做是一个“情绪化的”“定时炸弹”。

    No. 8: Angry

    误解八:女人岂能“愤怒”

    “Anger is a sign of status in men, but when women show anger they are viewed as less competent,” said Young. First Lady Michelle Obama was condemned24 as an "angry black woman” when she was campaigning for her husband in the 2008 presidential election. The Harvard-trained lawyer conscientiously25 softened26 her image and speeches in order to be more “likable,” becoming better known for her fashion and her unending support of her husband than for her stance on political issues."愤怒是男性的专利,人们不能接受女性表现出愤怒的一面。”杨说。2008年,米歇尔?奥巴马为丈夫的总统竞选造势时,这位第一夫人曾被谴责为“愤怒的黑人妇女”。后来,这位哈佛大学毕业的律师柔化自己的形象和演讲,变得更加“讨人喜欢”,突出表现自己的时尚品味和对丈夫的支持,而不是政治立场。

    No. 9: A Token

    误解九:女人都是“花瓶”摆设

    Women hold just 16% of corporate27 board seats. But instead of focusing on balancing things out, they are often devalued as being a “token” of diversity rather than having earned the post. Former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was often the only woman in the room, but her gender28 didn’t get her there. “While companies take their diversity goals seriously, they are not going to settle for less than the best person for the job,” said Lynne Sarikas, director of the MBA career center at Northeastern University. “Women are hired because of their education and experience and what they can do for the company.”

    女性在公司董事会所占席位只有总数的16%。人们并不关注女性在董事会所占比例过少这一事实,反而贬低董事会女性,认为她们之所以位列董事,不是因为她们的才能,她们只不过是公司出于多元化考虑而摆设的花瓶。美国前国务卿赖斯经常是重要场合里唯一的女性,她能胜任这一职位,靠的可不是她的性别。“即便公司真的是出于多元化考虑,但最终还是会选择最适合这个职位的雇员。”美国东北大学MBA就业指导中心主任林恩说,“女性被录用是因为她们的教育背景和职业经历,以及她们所能为公司做出的贡献。”

    No. 10: A Cheerleader

    误解十:女强人如同“啦啦队长”

    Billie Blair, president and CEO of Change Strategists, notes that prominent women who are considered feminine and warm may be dismissed as “cheerleaders” rather than the strong leaders that they are. When former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin was running for VP, Blair was amazed to hear a male client describe her as “a cheerleader, not a coach nor a quarterback.”

    战略家公司总裁兼首席执行官比利?布莱尔指出,温柔热情的成功女性常被看做是啦啦队长,而不是杰出的领导者。前阿拉斯加州州长佩林竞选副总统时,布莱尔很惊讶的听到一个男客户形容佩林“是一个啦啦队长,而不是一个教练,也不是四分卫。”

     11级    双语 


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    1 stereotype [ˈsteriətaɪp] rupwE   第7级
    n.固定的形象,陈规,老套,旧框框
    参考例句:
    • He's my stereotype of a schoolteacher. 他是我心目中的典型教师。
    • There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen. 人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。
    2 rampant [ˈræmpənt] LAuzm   第9级
    adj.(植物)蔓生的;狂暴的,无约束的
    参考例句:
    • Sickness was rampant in the area. 该地区疾病蔓延。
    • You cannot allow children to be rampant through the museum. 你不能任由小孩子在博物馆里乱跑。
    3 frigid [ˈfrɪdʒɪd] TfBzl   第9级
    adj.寒冷的,凛冽的;冷淡的;拘禁的
    参考例句:
    • The water was too frigid to allow him to remain submerged for long. 水冰冷彻骨,他在下面呆不了太长时间。
    • She returned his smile with a frigid glance. 对他的微笑她报以冷冷的一瞥。
    4 unstable [ʌnˈsteɪbl] Ijgwa   第8级
    adj.不稳定的,易变的
    参考例句:
    • This bookcase is too unstable to hold so many books. 这书橱很不结实,装不了这么多书。
    • The patient's condition was unstable. 那患者的病情不稳定。
    5 intimidating [ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪŋ] WqUzKy   第7级
    vt.恐吓,威胁( intimidate的现在分词)
    参考例句:
    • They were accused of intimidating people into voting for them. 他们被控胁迫选民投他们的票。
    • This kind of questioning can be very intimidating to children. 这种问话的方式可能让孩子们非常害怕。
    6 judgment ['dʒʌdʒmənt] e3xxC   第7级
    n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见
    参考例句:
    • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people. 主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
    • He's a man of excellent judgment. 他眼力过人。
    7 judgments [d'ʒʌdʒmənts] 2a483d435ecb48acb69a6f4c4dd1a836   第7级
    判断( judgment的名词复数 ); 鉴定; 评价; 审判
    参考例句:
    • A peculiar austerity marked his judgments of modern life. 他对现代生活的批评带着一种特殊的苛刻。
    • He is swift with his judgments. 他判断迅速。
    8 stereotypical [,steriə'tipikl] af5b561e94abd66f688fbfcccaffdce3   第7级
    n.常规
    参考例句:
    • Personas should be typical and believable, but not stereotypical. 人物角色应该是典型和可信赖的,但不是一成不变的。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
    • Anything could be stereotypical, so I guess it could be criticism. 任何东西都可以变的老套,所以我猜那就是一种批评。 来自互联网
    9 complexities [kəmˈpleksɪti:z] b217e6f6e3d61b3dd560522457376e61   第7级
    复杂性(complexity的名词复数); 复杂的事物
    参考例句:
    • The complexities of life bothered him. 生活的复杂使他困惑。
    • The complexities of life bothered me. 生活的杂乱事儿使我心烦。
    10 pervasive [pəˈveɪsɪv] T3zzH   第10级
    adj.普遍的;遍布的,(到处)弥漫的;渗透性的
    参考例句:
    • It is the most pervasive compound on earth. 它是地球上最普遍的化合物。
    • The adverse health effects of car exhaust are pervasive and difficult to measure. 汽车尾气对人类健康所构成的有害影响是普遍的,并且难以估算。
    11 consensus [kənˈsensəs] epMzA   第7级
    n.(意见等的)一致,一致同意,共识
    参考例句:
    • Can we reach a consensus on this issue? 我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗?
    • What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting? 下午会议上一致的意见是什么?
    12 dealing [ˈdi:lɪŋ] NvjzWP   第10级
    n.经商方法,待人态度
    参考例句:
    • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing. 该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
    • His fair dealing earned our confidence. 他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
    13 aggravates [ˈæɡrəveits] b7b09c2f91842c4161671a7f19cda589   第7级
    使恶化( aggravate的第三人称单数 ); 使更严重; 激怒; 使恼火
    参考例句:
    • If he aggravates me any more I shall punish him. 如果他再惹我生气,我就要惩罚他。
    • Now nothing aggravates me more than when people torment each pther. 没有什么东西比人们的互相折磨更使我愤怒。
    14 monetary [ˈmʌnɪtri] pEkxb   第7级
    adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的
    参考例句:
    • The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold. 过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
    • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. 荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
    15 conniving [kəˈnaɪvɪŋ] 659ad90919ad6a36ff5f496205aa1c65   第11级
    v.密谋 ( connive的现在分词 );搞阴谋;默许;纵容
    参考例句:
    • She knew that if she said nothing she would be conniving in an injustice. 她知道她如果什么也不说就是在纵容不公正的行为。
    • The general is accused of conniving in a plot to topple the government. 将军被指控纵容一个颠覆政府的阴谋。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    16 curry [ˈkʌri] xnozh   第8级
    n.咖哩粉,咖哩饭菜;v.用咖哩粉调味,用马栉梳,制革
    参考例句:
    • Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish. 有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。
    • Add a teaspoonful of curry powder. 加一茶匙咖喱粉。
    17 connived [kəˈnaɪvd] ec373bf4aaa10dd288a5e4aabc013742   第11级
    v.密谋 ( connive的过去式和过去分词 );搞阴谋;默许;纵容
    参考例句:
    • Her brother is believed to have connived at her murder. 据信她的哥哥没有制止对她的谋杀。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • The jailer connived at the escape from prison. 狱吏纵容犯人的逃狱。 来自辞典例句
    18 fabulous [ˈfæbjələs] ch6zI   第7级
    adj.极好的;极为巨大的;寓言中的,传说中的
    参考例句:
    • We had a fabulous time at the party. 我们在晚会上玩得很痛快。
    • This is a fabulous sum of money. 这是一笔巨款。
    19 stereotypes [ˈsteriəˌtaɪps] 1ff39410e7d7a101c62ac42c17e0df24   第7级
    n.老套,模式化的见解,有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化,使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )
    参考例句:
    • Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
    • It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调,我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    20 prone [prəʊn] 50bzu   第7级
    adj.(to)易于…的,很可能…的;俯卧的
    参考例句:
    • Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions. 有些人往往作出轻率的结论。
    • He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him. 人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气。
    21 demeanor [dɪ'mi:nə] JmXyk   第12级
    n.行为;风度
    参考例句:
    • She is quiet in her demeanor. 她举止文静。
    • The old soldier never lost his military demeanor. 那个老军人从来没有失去军人风度。
    22 pounced [paʊnst] 431de836b7c19167052c79f53bdf3b61   第10级
    v.突然袭击( pounce的过去式和过去分词 );猛扑;一眼看出;抓住机会(进行抨击)
    参考例句:
    • As soon as I opened my mouth, the teacher pounced on me. 我一张嘴就被老师抓住呵斥了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • The police pounced upon the thief. 警察向小偷扑了过去。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    23 cannon [ˈkænən] 3T8yc   第7级
    n.大炮,火炮;飞机上的机关炮
    参考例句:
    • The soldiers fired the cannon. 士兵们开炮。
    • The cannon thundered in the hills. 大炮在山间轰鸣。
    24 condemned [kən'demd] condemned   第7级
    adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词
    参考例句:
    • He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
    • The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。
    25 conscientiously [kɒnʃɪ'enʃəslɪ] 3vBzrQ   第7级
    adv.凭良心地;认真地,负责尽职地;老老实实
    参考例句:
    • He kept silent,eating just as conscientiously but as though everything tasted alike. 他一声不吭,闷头吃着,仿佛桌上的饭菜都一个味儿。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • She discharged all the responsibilities of a minister conscientiously. 她自觉地履行部长的一切职责。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    26 softened ['sɒfənd] 19151c4e3297eb1618bed6a05d92b4fe   第7级
    (使)变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 ); 缓解打击; 缓和; 安慰
    参考例句:
    • His smile softened slightly. 他的微笑稍柔和了些。
    • The ice cream softened and began to melt. 冰淇淋开始变软并开始融化。
    27 corporate [ˈkɔ:pərət] 7olzl   第7级
    adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
    参考例句:
    • This is our corporate responsibility. 这是我们共同的责任。
    • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail. 他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
    28 gender [ˈdʒendə(r)] slSyD   第8级
    n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
    参考例句:
    • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns. 法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
    • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender. 妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

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