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双语阅读之中国历史名人:董仲舒
添加时间:2020-03-13 17:11:26 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Dong Zhongshu (179 B. C.~104 B. C.) was a Confucian scholar instrumental in establishing Confucianism in 136 as the state cult1 of China and as the basis of official political philosophy-a position it was to hold for 2 000 years.

    董仲舒(约公元前179年~公元前104年)生于广川,儒家学者,他促使儒家学说成为中国国家思想和官方政治哲学的基础(公元前136年),从此儒家学说统治了中国两千年。

    双语阅读之中国历史名人:董仲舒

    As a philosopher, Dong merged2 the Confucianist and Yin-Yang schools of thought.

    作为哲学家,董仲舒将“阴阳”学说与惴家学说结合在一起。

    As a Chief Minister to the emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong was chiefly responsible for the dismissal of all non-Confucian scholars from government. He established Confucianism as the empire's unifying3 ideology4 (136 B. C.) and set up an imperial college, instrumental in the later establishment of the Chinese civil service.

    作为汉武帝的主要大臣,董仲舒将所有不是儒生的学者赶出政府,使得汉武帝“罢黔百家,独尊儒术”(公元前136年)并目建立太学,对后来科举制度的建立也有影响。

    As a philosopher, Dong made the theory of the interaction between heaven and man his central theme.

    作为哲学家,“天人合一”是董仲舒的主要思想。

    The emperor is heaven's ambassador on earth, and natural catastrophes5 such as floods and droughts are Heaven's way of warning the emperor to examine his personal conduct and correct his mistakes.

    统治者是上天的使者,旱涝等自然灾害是上天警告统治者要检查个人行为、纠正所犯错误的手段。

    Yang (light, positive, male) and yin(dark, negative, female) are the two fundamental forces of the universe and as such should be kept in harmony.

    阴阳是宇宙的两股基本力量,因而要保持平衡。

    The ruler has the duty to preserve that harmony. He must prevent disturbances6 by caring for and educating his people.

    统治者有责任保持阴阳的平衡,必须通过关爱、教育子民来避免动乱的发生。

    He may reform institutions when necessary but may never alter or destroy the basic moral principles of heaven.

    统治者可以在必要的时候进行制度改革,但是决不能改变或破坏上天的基本道德原则。

    In Dong's system the ruler has the central position-undoubtedly one of the major reasons that Confucianism was accepted by Emperor Wu.

    在董仲舒的哲学体系里,统治者居于中心地位。无疑,这是儒家学说被汉武帝接受的主要原因之一。

    Confucian scholars, however, are given an equal if less obvious power.

    然而,儒家学者也被赋予同样的权利,他们的权利不像统治者的权利那么明显。

    It is they who interpret the portents7 and thus exercise a check on the policies of the ruler.

    正是儒家学者解释了征兆,从而检查了统治者的政策。

    Dong's "Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals" is one of the most important philosophical8 works of the Han period.

    董仲舒的《春秋繁露》是汉代最重要的哲学著作之一。

    In it, Dong interpreted the Confucian Classic “Spring and Autumn Annals", a chronicle of the events in Confucius' native state of Lu between 722 B. C. and 481 B. C., supposedly edited by Confucius.

    在这本书中,董仲舒解释了儒家经典《春秋》。《春秋》是公元前722年至公元前481年间孔子祖国鲁国的编年史,据推测是由孔子编辑的。

    Dong felt that Confucius not only recorded events in such a way as to exercise judgment9 upon them but that he also laid down the rules to be used in governing future dynasties.

    董仲舒认为: 孔子在记录事件的同时不但做了判断,而且为后世朝代治理国家定下了原则。

    According to Dong, Confucius understood the relationship between man and nature and therefore the way to interpret portents and omens10.

    根据董仲舒的看法,孔子深谙人与自然之间的关系,因而也知道如何解释征兆。

     10级    双语 


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    1 cult [kʌlt] 3nPzm   第9级
    n.异教,邪教;时尚,狂热的崇拜
    参考例句:
    • Her books aren't bestsellers, but they have a certain cult following. 她的书算不上畅销书,但有一定的崇拜者。
    • The cult of sun worship is probably the most primitive one. 太阳崇拜仪式或许是最为原始的一种。
    2 merged ['mɜ:dʒd] d33b2d33223e1272c8bbe02180876e6f   第7级
    (使)混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 ); 相融; 融入; 渐渐消失在某物中
    参考例句:
    • Turf wars are inevitable when two departments are merged. 两个部门合并时总免不了争争权限。
    • The small shops were merged into a large market. 那些小商店合并成为一个大商场。
    3 unifying [ˈju:nifaiŋ] 18f99ec3e0286dcc4f6f318a4d8aa539   第7级
    使联合( unify的现在分词 ); 使相同; 使一致; 统一
    参考例句:
    • In addition, there were certain religious bonds of a unifying kind. 此外,他们还有某种具有一种统一性质的宗教上的结合。
    • There is a unifying theme, and that is the theme of information flow within biological systems. 我们可以用一个总的命题,把生物学系统内的信息流来作为这一研究主题。
    4 ideology [ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi] Scfzg   第9级
    n.意识形态,(政治或社会的)思想意识
    参考例句:
    • The ideology has great influence in the world. 这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
    • The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration. 我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。
    5 catastrophes [kə'tæstrəfɪz] 9d10f3014dc151d21be6612c0d467fd0   第7级
    n.灾祸( catastrophe的名词复数 );灾难;不幸事件;困难
    参考例句:
    • Two of history's worst natural catastrophes occurred in 1970. 1970年发生了历史上最严重两次自然灾害。 来自辞典例句
    • The Swiss deposits contain evidence of such catastrophes. 瑞士的遗址里还有这种灾难的证据。 来自辞典例句
    6 disturbances [dɪs'tɜ:bənsɪz] a0726bd74d4516cd6fbe05e362bc74af   第7级
    n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 );打扰;困扰;障碍
    参考例句:
    • The government has set up a commission of inquiry into the disturbances at the prison. 政府成立了一个委员会来调查监狱骚乱事件。
    • Extra police were called in to quell the disturbances. 已调集了增援警力来平定骚乱。
    7 portents [ˈpɔ:ˌtents] ee8e35db53fcfe0128c4cd91fdd2f0f8   第12级
    n.预兆( portent的名词复数 );征兆;怪事;奇物
    参考例句:
    • But even with this extra support, labour-market portents still look grim. 但是即使采取了额外支持措施,劳动力市场依然阴霾密布。 来自互联网
    • So the hiccups are worth noting as portents. 因此这些问题作为不好的征兆而值得关注。 来自互联网
    8 philosophical [ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl] rN5xh   第8级
    adj.哲学家的,哲学上的,达观的
    参考例句:
    • The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem. 老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
    • She is very philosophical about her bad luck. 她对自己的不幸看得很开。
    9 judgment ['dʒʌdʒmənt] e3xxC   第7级
    n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见
    参考例句:
    • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people. 主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
    • He's a man of excellent judgment. 他眼力过人。
    10 omens [ˈəʊmənz] 4fe4cb32de8b61bd4b8036d574e4f48a   第9级
    n.前兆,预兆( omen的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • The omens for the game are still not propitious. 这场比赛仍不被看好。 来自辞典例句
    • Such omens betide no good. 这种征兆预示情况不妙。 来自辞典例句

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