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美的感悟
添加时间:2014-05-22 10:49:19 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Things in which we do not take joy are either a burden upon our minds to be got rid of at any cost; or they are useful, and therefore in temporary and partial relation to us, becoming burdensome when their utility is lost; or they are like wandering vagabonds, loitering for a moment on the outskirts1 of our recognition, and then passing on. A thing is only completely our own when it is a thing of joy to us.

    The greater part of this world is to us as if it were nothing. But we cannot allow it to remain so, for thus it belittles2 our own self. The entire world is given to us, and all our powers have their final meaning in the faith that by their help we are to take possession of our patrimony3.

    But what is the function of our sense of beauty in this process of the extension of our consciousness? Is it there to separate truth into strong lights and shadows, and bring it before us in its uncompromising distinction of beauty and ugliness? If that were so, then we would have had to admit that this sense of beauty creates a dissension in our universe and sets up a wall of hindrance4 across the highway of communication that leads from everything to all things.

    But that cannot be true. As long as our realisation is incomplete a division necessarily remains5 between things known and unknown, pleasant and unpleasant. But in spite of the dictum of some philosophers man does not accept any arbitrary and absolute limit to his knowable world. Every day his science is penetrating6 into the region formerly7 marked in his map as unexplored or inexplorable. Our sense of beauty is similarly engaged in ever pushing on its conquests. Truth is everywhere, therefore everything is the object of our knowledge. Beauty is omnipresent, therefore everything is capable of giving us joy.

    In the early days of his history man took everything as a phenomenon of life. His science of life began by creating a sharp distinction between life and non-life. But as it is proceeding8 farther and farther the line of demarcation between the animate9 and inanimate is growing more and more dim. In the beginning of our apprehension10 these sharp lines of contrast are helpful to us, but as our comprehension becomes clearer they gradually fade away.

    The Upanishads have said that all things are created and sustained by an infinite joy. To realise this principle of creation we have to start with a division--the division into the beautiful and the non-beautiful. Then the apprehension of beauty has to come to us with a vigorous blow to awaken11 our consciousness from its primitive12 lethargy, and it attains14 its object by the urgency of the contrast. Therefore our first acquaintance with beauty is in her dress of motley colours, that affects us with its stripes and feathers, nay15, with its disfigurements. But as our acquaintance ripens16, the apparent discords17 are resolved into modulations of rhythm. At first we detach beauty from its surroundings, we hold it apart from the rest, but at the end we realise its harmony with all. Then the music of beauty has no more need of exciting us with loud noise; it renounces18 violence, and appeals to our heart with the truth that it is meekness19 inherits the earth.

    In some stage of our growth, in some period of our history, we try to set up a special cult20 of beauty, and pare it down to a narrow circuit, so as to make it a matter of pride for a chosen few. Then it breeds in its votaries21 affections and exaggerations, as it did with the Brahmins in the time of the decadence22 of Indian civilisation23, when the perception of the higher truth fell away and superstitions24 grew up unchecked.

    In the history of aesthetics25 there also comes an age of emancipation27 when the recognition of beauty in things great and small become easy, and when we see it more in the unassuming harmony of common objects than in things startling in their singularity. So much so, that we have to go through the stages of reaction when in the representation of beauty we try to avoid everything that is obviously pleasing and that has been crowned by the sanction of convention. We are then tempted28 in defiance29 to exaggerate the commonness of commonplace things, thereby30 making them aggressively uncommon31. To restore harmony we create the discords which are a feature of all reactions. We already see in the present age the sign of this aesthetic26 reaction, which proves that man has at last come to know that it is only the narrowness of perception which sharply divides the field of his aesthetic consciousness into ugliness and beauty. When he has the power to see things detached from self-interest and from the insistent32 claims of the lust33 of the senses, then alone can he have the true vision of the beauty that is everywhere. Then only can he see that what is unpleasant to us is not necessarily unbeautiful, but has its beauty in truth.

    When we say that beauty is everywhere we do not mean that the word ugliness should be abolished from our language, just as it would be absurd to say that there is no such thing as untruth. Untruth there certainly is, not in the system of the universe, but in our power of comprehension, as its negative element. In the same manner there is ugliness in the distorted expression of beauty in our life and in our art which comes from our imperfect realisation of Truth. To a certain extent we can set our life against the law of truth which is in us and which is in all, and likewise we can give rise to ugliness by going counter to the eternal law of harmony which is everywhere.

    Through our sense of truth we realise law in creation, and through our sense of beauty we realise harmony in the universe. When we recognise the law in nature we extend our mastery over physical forces and become powerful; when we recognise the law in our moral nature we attain13 mastery over self and become free. In like manner the more we comprehend the harmony in the physical world the more our life shares the gladness of creation, and our expression of beauty in art becomes more truly catholic. As we become conscious of the harmony in our soul, our apprehension of the blissfulness of the spirit of the world becomes universal, and the expression of beauty in our life moves in goodness and love towards the infinite. This is the ultimate object of our existence, that we must ever know that "beauty is truth, truth beauty"; we must realise the whole world in love, for love gives it birth, sustains it, and takes it back to its bosom34. We must have that perfect emancipation of heart which gives us the power to stand at the innermost centre of things and have the taste of that fullness of disinterested35 joy which belongs to Brahma.

    Music is the purest form of art, and therefore the most direct expression of beauty, with a form and spirit which is one and simple, and least encumbered36 with anything extraneous37. We seem to feel that the manifestation38 of the infinite in the finite forms of creation is music itself, silent and visible. The evening sky, tirelessly repeating the starry39 constellations40, seems like a child struck with wonder at the mystery of its own first utterance41, lisping the same word over and over again, and listening to it in unceasing joy. When in the rainy night of July the darkness is thick upon the meadows and the pattering rain draws veil upon veil over the stillness of the slumbering43 earth, this monotony of the rain patter seems to be the darkness of sound itself. The gloom of the dim and dense44 line of trees, the thorny45 bushes scattered46 in the bare heath like floating heads of swimmers with bedraggled hair, the smell of the damp grass and the wet earth, the spire47 of the temple rising above the undefined mass of blackness grouped around the village huts--everything seems like notes rising from the heart of the night, mingling48 and losing themselves in the one sound of ceaseless rain filling the sky.

    Therefore the true poets, they who are seers, seek to express the universe in terms of music.

    They rarely use symbols of painting to express the unfolding of forms, the mingling of endless lines and colours that goes on every moment on the canvas of the blue sky.

    They have their reason. For the man who paints must have canvas, brush and colour-box. The first touch of his brush is very far from the complete idea. And then when the work is finished the artist is gone, the windowed picture stands alone, the incessant49 touches of love of the creative hand are withdrawn50.

    But the singer has everything within him. The notes come out from his very life. They are not materials gathered from outside. His idea and his expression are brother and sister; very often they are born as twins. In music the heart reveals itself immediately; it suffers not from any barrier of alien material.

    Therefore though music has to wait for its completeness like any other art, yet at every step it gives out the beauty of the whole. As the material of expression even words are barriers, for their meaning has to be constructed by thought. But music never has to depend upon any obvious meaning; it expresses what no words can ever express.

    What is more, music and the musician are inseparable. When the singer departs, his singing dies with him; it is in eternal union with the life and joy of the master.

    This world-song is never for a moment separated from its singer. It is not fashioned from any outward material. It is his joy itself taking never-ending form. It is the great heart sending the tremor51 of its thrill over the sky.

    There is a perfection in each individual strain of this music, which is the revelation of completion in the incomplete. No one of its notes is final, yet each reflects the infinite.

    What does it matter if we fail to derive52 the exact meaning of this great harmony? Is it not like the hand meeting the string and drawing out at once all its tones at the touch? It is the language of beauty, the caress53, that comes from the heart of the world straightway reaches our heart.

    Last night, in the silence which pervaded54 the darkness, I stood alone and heard the voice of the singer of eternal melodies. When I went to sleep I closed my eyes with this last thought in my mind, that even when I remain unconscious in slumber42 the dance of life will still go on in the hushed arena55 of my sleeping body, keeping step with the stars. The heart will throb56, the blood will leap in the veins57, and the millions of living atoms of my body will vibrate in tune58 with the note of the harp-string that thrills at the touch of the master.

    不能给我们带来快乐的事物,要么是大脑中无论如何也挥之不去的某种负担;要么是因为它短时间内是有用的,因而与我们有某种联系,而一旦用处不再,就成了累赘;要么象云游四海的流浪汉,偶尔在我们的意识之外飘过之后就消失了.只有我们喜欢的东西我们才会完全拥有它.

    在我们看来,世界上大部分事物似乎什么都不是.但是我们不能让它这样,因为这样一来,我们自己拥有的东西就显得贫乏和渺小了.假如让我们拥有了整个世界,我们所有的力量就有了最终的意义,因为我们相信这些力量会帮助我们拥有祖先留下的遗产.

    但是当我们对外界的认识越来越多的时候,我们感受到的美的作用是怎样的呢?它是用来区分现实中的光明和黑暗,把美和丑的鲜明对比带到我们的面前吗?如果那样,我们就不得不承认对美的这种感知导致了世界的不和谐,就无形中树起了一堵墙,阻碍了世间万物不可间断的交流.

    但是事实并非如此,只要我们对世界的认识不完整,已知的和未知的,令人愉快的和令人不快的之间的分歧就依然存在.但是尽管有哲学名言,人类仍然不承认个人对世界认知的武断性和绝对性.人类对世界的认识总是局限于个人的未经探索研究或者没有能力去探索研究的经验上.我们只是简单地不由自主地被美征服,从而感知它的存在.真理存在于每一种事物中,因此每一样事物我们都客观面对.美是无处不在的,因此每一种事物都有能力带给我们快乐.

    早期的人类把一切的事物都用生命现象来解释.生命科学最初是以有无生命力的明显差别开始的.但是随着人类社会不断进步,有无生命力的界限越来越模糊.早期我们认为事物是有明显差别的,这种理解是有益的,但是随着我们对世界的认识越来越明确,这些差别就渐渐消失了.

    奥义书上说所有的事物都由快乐创造并且支撑.为了明确这种创造的基本要义,我们需要进行区分__区分美的和不美的东西.然后我们对美的理解才茅塞顿开,从原始的混沌中被唤醒,迫切地想推翻过去从而达到现在的认识.因此我们最初见到的美,穿着五颜六色的羽衣,格子条子纵横交错,外表看上去七零八落.但是当我们对它的认识臻于成熟的时候,那些看起来不和谐的表面开始消融,节奏变的统一了.最初我们是把美与周围环境中剥离出来,使其有别于周围,但是最终我们意识到了万物的和谐.然后,美变成了音乐,没有了聒躁的声音来烦扰我们;它摒弃暴力,呼吁我们的心向上向善.

    在我们成长的某个阶段,在我们历史的某个时期,我们企图建立一套对美的崇拜模式,让它陷入一种狭隘的怪圈,成为少部分人用以炫耀的资本.正如印度文明衰落时期的婆罗门教,它被无限夸大,成了反人类情感的温床,那个时期的人们渐渐丧失了对真理的追求,封建迷信乘虚而入.

    美学历史也迎来了开明的时期,人们心悦诚服地承认了,事物无论伟大或者渺小都存在着美.过去被我们惊为异类的事物,今天在它们身上我们看到了平常而朴实的和谐.凡此种种,我们因此必须要经历各种转变的时期,在这些时期里对于美的判断,我们既要避免对某一种事物明显的偏好,也要避免死抱着旧有的观念不放.然后我们要抵斥夸大平常事物,避免让它们恣意扭曲.为了重建和谐,我们创造了不和谐,这是各种思潮争论的特点.在当今时代,我们已经看到了美学思潮的迹象, 它证明了在美学领域把美和丑对立起来是一种狭隘的观念.当一个人具备了不再用狭隘自私的观念和不再固执地遵从自我感觉来看待事物的能力,他自身对周围事物就有了真正的理解.他自己就能看到,在我们看来令人不愉快的事物未必就不美好,而具备着它真实的美.

    正如说"世上没有谎言"是荒唐的一样,当我们说美无处不在时,并不是指就不应该再提丑陋了.丑陋当然是存在的,但是并不是在现实世界里,而是作为消极因子存在于我们自己的理解能力范围中.生活中对美的曲解是一种丑陋,同样地,艺术中对真理的不完美的认识也是一种丑陋.在某种程度上,我们能够将我们的生活与真理法则进行对比,这个法则存在于我们自己心中,存在于一切事物中;同样地,我们能够将丑陋与永久的和谐法则进行比较,这个法则也是无处不在的.

    通过对真理的感知,我们意识了到天地万物的法则,通过对美的感知我们意识到了宇宙的和谐.当我们认识到自然的法则我们就进一步掌握了自然界的力量,变得强大起来;当我们认识到道德的法则我们就能把握自己,变得自由起来.同样地,我们越多地理解自然界的和谐,就越多的感受到自然万物带给我们的快乐,我们在艺术中对美的表达就越接近普遍的真理.当我们的心灵达到和谐,我们就会全面理解精神世界的幸福感,我们在生活中就会朝善的方向表达美,就会无尽地表达我们的爱.这是我们生存的终极目标,我们必须要知道"美就是真,真就是美",我们必须意识到整个世界是充满爱的,因为是爱诞生了世界,支撑着世界,把整个世界拥抱在怀.我们必须完美地敞开我们的内心,这会给予我们力量站在万物的中心,达到梵天的境界,充分体验那种高尚无私的快乐.

    音乐是最纯粹的艺术形式,因此它以一种纯粹的不受外部阻碍的方式和精神最直接地表达美.我们似乎感觉到世间万物就象音乐本身一样以无限来表现有限,沉寂却让人能够感觉到有声.夜空不知疲倦地闪烁着群星,就象一个咿呀学语的婴儿,惊叹于自己发出的第一个声音,口齿不清地不断重复这一个单词,并带着无尽的快乐倾听着.当七月的夜雨来临,草地上的黑暗浓重起来,雨声滴嗒,一圈一圈惊扰了沉睡的泥土的寂静,连单调的雨声也似乎变得漆黑了.一行行茂密的树朦朦胧胧, 满是荆棘的灌木丛散落在光秃秃的长满小石头的荒地上,象一个个头发零乱的泳者漂浮在水面上的头部,潮湿的野草和湿漉漉的地面传递着气息,寺庙的耸立着的尖顶,俯瞰着下面一大片一大片的暗影,暗影结成队,把村庄的小屋包围了___一切都似乎是从夜晚的心脏发出的音符,交融着消失在天空无尽的雨声中.

    因此真正的诗人们.他们是幻想家,用音乐的语言来阐释宇宙.

    每一次作画,他们都很少用象征的手法在画板上展示对天空的形状,交错的线条和色彩的描绘.

    他们这样做是有理由的.对于作画时必须要有画板,刷子和颜料盒的人来说,他一接触到刷子心里的想法就没有了.作完画后艺术家也消失了,只剩带有窗户的画孤零零地挂在哪儿.那只不断传递爱的创造之手也被收回了.

    但是音乐家的一切都深藏在内心.音符正是来自于他的生命活力,而不是来自于外部聚集的材料.他的想法和表达是就象兄妹似的;通常是孪生的.在音乐中心灵可以即时将自己表达出来;它不会受任何陌生的物质上的阻碍.

    因此虽然音乐也象其它艺术一样一步步走向圆满,但是它的每一步呈现的都是整体的美.作为实物的表达,甚至连语言都是一种障碍,因为它们的意义是由思维构成的.但是音乐从来没有必要依赖于明显的意思;它所表达的东西不是语言能够表达的.

    而且,音乐和音乐家是分不开的.当音乐家去世的时候,他的音乐也随着他一起消亡了;音乐终生伴随着它的主人的命运与欢乐.

    这首<世界歌>一刻也没有与它的歌唱者分离过.它并不是因为外部物质而变得时尚.它是他的快乐,永不停歇.是伟大的心灵通过天空传递着的快乐的颤栗.

    每一种音乐都是完美的,在不圆满中表现圆满.没有一种音符是有结局的,然而每一种音符的意境却都是无限的.

    即便这种巨大的和谐没有确切的意义可表达,又有什么关系呢?难道这不象是手碰到和弦而立即画出的音符?这是关于美的语言,是这个世界顷刻间对我们心灵的爱抚.

    昨夜,黑暗中弥漫着寂静,我一个人站在那里,倾听着歌者永不停歇的歌喉.入睡的时候脑海中还着萦绕着之前的瞑想,甚至在我昏昏欲睡时的潜意识中,生命的舞蹈,和着窗外满天的繁星,还在我入眠的身体上继续.只要竖琴的主人一拨动琴弦,我的心就随着震颤的旋律跳动起来,血液在血管内澎湃,身体里数百万个活跃的原子伴随着琴弦的节奏舞动起来.

     12级    美文 


    点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

    1 outskirts [ˈaʊtskɜ:ts] gmDz7W   第7级
    n.郊外,郊区
    参考例句:
    • Our car broke down on the outskirts of the city. 我们的汽车在市郊出了故障。
    • They mostly live on the outskirts of a town. 他们大多住在近郊。
    2 belittles [bɪˈlɪtlz] 80cae5e34c1de78eee966efc5b9448a9   第9级
    使显得微小,轻视,贬低( belittle的第三人称单数 )
    参考例句:
    • The size of the office tower belittles the surrounding buildings. 这座办公楼的规模使周围的建筑物相形见小。
    • The bulk of the warehouse belittles the houses around it. 货栈的庞大使周围的房屋显得矮小了。
    3 patrimony [ˈpætrɪməni] 7LuxB   第11级
    n.世袭财产,继承物
    参考例句:
    • I left my parents' house, relinquished my estate and my patrimony. 我离开了父母的家,放弃了我的房产和祖传财产。
    • His grandfather left the patrimony to him. 他的祖父把祖传的财物留给了他。
    4 hindrance [ˈhɪndrəns] AdKz2   第9级
    n.妨碍,障碍
    参考例句:
    • Now they can construct tunnel systems without hindrance. 现在他们可以顺利地建造隧道系统了。
    • The heavy baggage was a great hindrance to me. 那件行李成了我的大累赘。
    5 remains [rɪˈmeɪnz] 1kMzTy   第7级
    n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
    参考例句:
    • He ate the remains of food hungrily. 他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
    • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog. 残羹剩饭喂狗了。
    6 penetrating ['penitreitiŋ] ImTzZS   第7级
    adj.(声音)响亮的,尖锐的adj.(气味)刺激的adj.(思想)敏锐的,有洞察力的
    参考例句:
    • He had an extraordinarily penetrating gaze. 他的目光有股异乎寻常的洞察力。
    • He examined the man with a penetrating gaze. 他以锐利的目光仔细观察了那个人。
    7 formerly [ˈfɔ:məli] ni3x9   第8级
    adv.从前,以前
    参考例句:
    • We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard. 我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
    • This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China. 这船从前航行在中国内河里。
    8 proceeding [prəˈsi:dɪŋ] Vktzvu   第7级
    n.行动,进行,(pl.)会议录,学报
    参考例句:
    • This train is now proceeding from Paris to London. 这次列车从巴黎开往伦敦。
    • The work is proceeding briskly. 工作很有生气地进展着。
    9 animate [ˈænɪmeɪt] 3MDyv   第8级
    vt.赋于生命,鼓励;adj.有生命的,有生气的
    参考例句:
    • We are animate beings, living creatures. 我们是有生命的存在,有生命的动物。
    • The girls watched, little teasing smiles animating their faces. 女孩们注视着,脸上挂着调皮的微笑,显得愈加活泼。
    10 apprehension [ˌæprɪˈhenʃn] bNayw   第7级
    n.理解,领悟;逮捕,拘捕;忧虑
    参考例句:
    • There were still areas of doubt and her apprehension grew. 有些地方仍然存疑,于是她越来越担心。
    • She is a girl of weak apprehension. 她是一个理解力很差的女孩。
    11 awaken [əˈweɪkən] byMzdD   第8级
    vi.醒,觉醒;vt.唤醒,使觉醒,唤起,激起
    参考例句:
    • Old people awaken early in the morning. 老年人早晨醒得早。
    • Please awaken me at six. 请于六点叫醒我。
    12 primitive [ˈprɪmətɪv] vSwz0   第7级
    adj.原始的;简单的;n.原(始)人,原始事物
    参考例句:
    • It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger. 逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。
    • His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society. 他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。
    13 attain [əˈteɪn] HvYzX   第7级
    vt.达到,获得,完成
    参考例句:
    • I used the scientific method to attain this end. 我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。
    • His painstaking to attain his goal in life is praiseworthy. 他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。
    14 attains [əˈteinz] 7244c7c9830392f8f3df1cb8d96b91df   第7级
    (通常经过努力)实现( attain的第三人称单数 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
    参考例句:
    • This is the period at which the body attains maturity. 这是身体发育成熟的时期。
    • The temperature a star attains is determined by its mass. 恒星所达到的温度取决于它的质量。
    15 nay [neɪ] unjzAQ   第12级
    adv.不;n.反对票,投反对票者
    参考例句:
    • He was grateful for and proud of his son's remarkable, nay, unique performance. 他为儿子出色的,不,应该是独一无二的表演心怀感激和骄傲。
    • Long essays, nay, whole books have been written on this. 许多长篇大论的文章,不,应该说是整部整部的书都是关于这件事的。
    16 ripens [ˈraɪpənz] 51963c68379ce47fb3f18e4b6ed340d0   第7级
    v.成熟,使熟( ripen的第三人称单数 )
    参考例句:
    • The sun ripens the crops. 太阳使庄稼成熟。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Then their seed ripens, and soon they turn brown and shrivel up. 随后,它们的种子熟了,不久就变枯萎。 来自辞典例句
    17 discords [] d957da1b1688ede4cb4f1e8f2b1dc0ab   第8级
    不和(discord的复数形式)
    参考例句:
    • There are many discords in this family. 在这个家庭里有许多争吵。
    • The speaker's opinion discords with the principles of this society. 演讲者的意见与本会的原则不符。
    18 renounces [riˈnaunsiz] 4e680794d061a81b2277111800e766fa   第9级
    v.声明放弃( renounce的第三人称单数 );宣布放弃;宣布与…决裂;宣布摒弃
    参考例句:
    • Japan renounces all right, title and claim to Formosa and the Pescadores. 日本放弃对福尔摩沙(台湾)及澎湖的一切权利,主张(名称)及所有权。 来自互联网
    • He renounces Christianity, temporarily straining his relationship with his parents. 他放弃了基督教信仰,从而与父母的关系暂时变得紧张。 来自互联网
    19 meekness [mi:knəs] 90085f0fe4f98e6ba344e6fe6b2f4e0f   第9级
    n.温顺,柔和
    参考例句:
    • Amy sewed with outward meekness and inward rebellion till dusk. 阿密阳奉阴违地一直缝到黄昏。 来自辞典例句
    • 'I am pretty well, I thank you,' answered Mr. Lorry, with meekness; 'how are you?' “很好,谢谢,”罗瑞先生回答,态度温驯,“你好么?” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记
    20 cult [kʌlt] 3nPzm   第9级
    n.异教,邪教;时尚,狂热的崇拜
    参考例句:
    • Her books aren't bestsellers, but they have a certain cult following. 她的书算不上畅销书,但有一定的崇拜者。
    • The cult of sun worship is probably the most primitive one. 太阳崇拜仪式或许是最为原始的一种。
    21 votaries [ˈvəʊtəri:z] 55bd4be7a70c73e3a135b27bb2852719   第12级
    n.信徒( votary的名词复数 );追随者;(天主教)修士;修女
    参考例句:
    22 decadence [ˈdekədəns] taLyZ   第10级
    n.衰落,颓废
    参考例句:
    • The decadence of morals is bad for a nation. 道德的堕落对国家是不利的。
    • His article has the power to turn decadence into legend. 他的文章具有化破朽为神奇的力量。
    23 civilisation [sɪvɪlaɪ'zeɪʃən] civilisation   第8级
    n.文明,文化,开化,教化
    参考例句:
    • Energy and ideas are the twin bases of our civilisation. 能源和思想是我们文明的两大基石。
    • This opera is one of the cultural totems of Western civilisation. 这部歌剧是西方文明的文化标志物之一。
    24 superstitions [ˌsju:pəˈstiʃənz] bf6d10d6085a510f371db29a9b4f8c2f   第7级
    迷信,迷信行为( superstition的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • Old superstitions seem incredible to educated people. 旧的迷信对于受过教育的人来说是不可思议的。
    • Do away with all fetishes and superstitions. 破除一切盲目崇拜和迷信。
    25 aesthetics [i:s'θetiks] tx5zk   第7级
    n.(尤指艺术方面之)美学,审美学
    参考例句:
    • Sometimes, of course, our markings may be simply a matter of aesthetics. 当然,有时我们的标点符号也许只是个审美的问题。 来自名作英译部分
    • The field of aesthetics presents an especially difficult problem to the historian. 美学领域向历史学家提出了一个格外困难的问题。
    26 aesthetic [i:sˈθetɪk] px8zm   第7级
    adj.美学的,审美的,有美感
    参考例句:
    • My aesthetic standards are quite different from his. 我的审美标准与他的大不相同。
    • The professor advanced a new aesthetic theory. 那位教授提出了新的美学理论。
    27 emancipation [ɪˌmænsɪ'peɪʃn] Sjlzb   第8级
    n.(从束缚、支配下)解放
    参考例句:
    • We must arouse them to fight for their own emancipation. 我们必须唤起他们为其自身的解放而斗争。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • They rejoiced over their own emancipation. 他们为自己的解放感到欢欣鼓舞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    28 tempted ['temptid] b0182e969d369add1b9ce2353d3c6ad6   第7级
    v.怂恿(某人)干不正当的事;冒…的险(tempt的过去分词)
    参考例句:
    • I was sorely tempted to complain, but I didn't. 我极想发牢骚,但还是没开口。
    • I was tempted by the dessert menu. 甜食菜单馋得我垂涎欲滴。
    29 defiance [dɪˈfaɪəns] RmSzx   第8级
    n.挑战,挑衅,蔑视,违抗
    参考例句:
    • He climbed the ladder in defiance of the warning. 他无视警告爬上了那架梯子。
    • He slammed the door in a spirit of defiance. 他以挑衅性的态度把门砰地一下关上。
    30 thereby [ˌðeəˈbaɪ] Sokwv   第8级
    adv.因此,从而
    参考例句:
    • I have never been to that city, thereby I don't know much about it. 我从未去过那座城市,因此对它不怎么熟悉。
    • He became a British citizen, thereby gaining the right to vote. 他成了英国公民,因而得到了投票权。
    31 uncommon [ʌnˈkɒmən] AlPwO   第8级
    adj.罕见的,非凡的,不平常的
    参考例句:
    • Such attitudes were not at all uncommon thirty years ago. 这些看法在30年前很常见。
    • Phil has uncommon intelligence. 菲尔智力超群。
    32 insistent [ɪnˈsɪstənt] s6ZxC   第7级
    adj.迫切的,坚持的
    参考例句:
    • There was an insistent knock on my door. 我听到一阵急促的敲门声。
    • He is most insistent on this point. 他在这点上很坚持。
    33 lust [lʌst] N8rz1   第10级
    n.性(淫)欲;渴(欲)望;vi.对…有强烈的欲望
    参考例句:
    • He was filled with lust for power. 他内心充满了对权力的渴望。
    • Sensing the explorer's lust for gold, the chief wisely presented gold ornaments as gifts. 酋长觉察出探险者们垂涎黄金的欲念, 就聪明地把金饰品作为礼物赠送给他们。
    34 bosom [ˈbʊzəm] Lt9zW   第7级
    n.胸,胸部;胸怀;内心;adj.亲密的
    参考例句:
    • She drew a little book from her bosom. 她从怀里取出一本小册子。
    • A dark jealousy stirred in his bosom. 他内心生出一阵恶毒的嫉妒。
    35 disinterested [dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd] vu4z6s   第8级
    adj.不关心的,不感兴趣的
    参考例句:
    • He is impartial and disinterested. 他公正无私。
    • He's always on the make, I have never known him do a disinterested action. 他这个人一贯都是唯利是图,我从来不知道他有什么无私的行动。
    36 encumbered [enˈkʌmbəd] 2cc6acbd84773f26406796e78a232e40   第9级
    v.妨碍,阻碍,拖累( encumber的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • The police operation was encumbered by crowds of reporters. 警方的行动被成群的记者所妨碍。
    • The narrow quay was encumbered by hundreds of carts. 狭窄的码头被数百辆手推车堵得水泄不通。 来自辞典例句
    37 extraneous [ɪkˈstreɪniəs] el5yq   第9级
    adj.体外的;外来的;外部的
    参考例句:
    • I can choose to ignore these extraneous thoughts. 我可以选择无视这些外来的想法。
    • Reductant from an extraneous source is introduced. 外来的还原剂被引进来。
    38 manifestation [ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃn] 0RCz6   第9级
    n.表现形式;表明;现象
    参考例句:
    • Her smile is a manifestation of joy. 她的微笑是她快乐的表现。
    • What we call mass is only another manifestation of energy. 我们称之为质量的东西只是能量的另一种表现形态。
    39 starry [ˈstɑ:ri] VhWzfP   第11级
    adj.星光照耀的, 闪亮的
    参考例句:
    • He looked at the starry heavens. 他瞧着布满星星的天空。
    • I like the starry winter sky. 我喜欢这满天星斗的冬夜。
    40 constellations [kɒnstə'leɪʃnz] ee34f7988ee4aa80f9502f825177c85d   第10级
    n.星座( constellation的名词复数 );一群杰出人物;一系列(相关的想法、事物);一群(相关的人)
    参考例句:
    • The map of the heavens showed all the northern constellations. 这份天体图标明了北半部所有的星座。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • His time was coming, he would move in the constellations of power. 他时来运转,要进入权力中心了。 来自教父部分
    41 utterance [ˈʌtərəns] dKczL   第11级
    n.用言语表达,话语,言语
    参考例句:
    • This utterance of his was greeted with bursts of uproarious laughter. 他的讲话引起阵阵哄然大笑。
    • My voice cleaves to my throat, and sob chokes my utterance. 我的噪子哽咽,泣不成声。
    42 slumber [ˈslʌmbə(r)] 8E7zT   第9级
    n.睡眠,沉睡状态
    参考例句:
    • All the people in the hotels were wrapped in deep slumber. 住在各旅馆里的人都已进入梦乡。
    • Don't wake him from his slumber because he needs the rest. 不要把他从睡眠中唤醒,因为他需要休息。
    43 slumbering [] 26398db8eca7bdd3e6b23ff7480b634e   第9级
    微睡,睡眠(slumber的现在分词形式)
    参考例句:
    • It was quiet. All the other inhabitants of the slums were slumbering. 贫民窟里的人已经睡眠静了。
    • Then soft music filled the air and soothed the slumbering heroes. 接着,空中响起了柔和的乐声,抚慰着安睡的英雄。
    44 dense [dens] aONzX   第7级
    adj.密集的,稠密的,浓密的;密度大的
    参考例句:
    • The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
    • The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
    45 thorny [ˈθɔ:ni] 5ICzQ   第11级
    adj.多刺的,棘手的
    参考例句:
    • The young captain is pondering over a thorny problem. 年轻的上尉正在思考一个棘手的问题。
    • The boys argued over the thorny points in the lesson. 孩子们辩论功课中的难点。
    46 scattered ['skætəd] 7jgzKF   第7级
    adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的
    参考例句:
    • Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来,塞进文件夹里。
    47 spire [ˈspaɪə(r)] SF3yo   第10级
    n.(教堂)尖顶,尖塔,高点
    参考例句:
    • The church spire was struck by lightning. 教堂的尖顶遭到了雷击。
    • They could just make out the spire of the church in the distance. 他们只能辨认出远处教堂的尖塔。
    48 mingling ['miŋɡliŋ] b387131b4ffa62204a89fca1610062f3   第7级
    adj.混合的
    参考例句:
    • There was a spring of bitterness mingling with that fountain of sweets. 在这个甜蜜的源泉中间,已经掺和进苦涩的山水了。
    • The mingling of inconsequence belongs to us all. 这场矛盾混和物是我们大家所共有的。
    49 incessant [ɪnˈsesnt] WcizU   第8级
    adj.不停的,连续的
    参考例句:
    • We have had incessant snowfall since yesterday afternoon. 从昨天下午开始就持续不断地下雪。
    • She is tired of his incessant demands for affection. 她厌倦了他对感情的不断索取。
    50 withdrawn [wɪðˈdrɔ:n] eeczDJ   第10级
    vt.收回;使退出;vi.撤退,退出
    参考例句:
    • Our force has been withdrawn from the danger area. 我们的军队已从危险地区撤出。
    • All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries. 一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。
    51 tremor [ˈtremə(r)] Tghy5   第9级
    n.震动,颤动,战栗,兴奋,地震
    参考例句:
    • There was a slight tremor in his voice. 他的声音有点颤抖。
    • A slight earth tremor was felt in California. 加利福尼亚发生了轻微的地震。
    52 derive [dɪˈraɪv] hmLzH   第7级
    vt.取得;导出;引申;来自;源自;出自;vi.起源
    参考例句:
    • We derive our sustenance from the land. 我们从土地获取食物。
    • We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels. 我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。
    53 caress [kəˈres] crczs   第7级
    vt./n.爱抚,抚摸
    参考例句:
    • She gave the child a loving caress. 她疼爱地抚摸着孩子。
    • She feasted on the caress of the hot spring. 她尽情享受着温泉的抚爱。
    54 pervaded [pəˈveɪdid] cf99c400da205fe52f352ac5c1317c13   第8级
    v.遍及,弥漫( pervade的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • A retrospective influence pervaded the whole performance. 怀旧的影响弥漫了整个演出。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • The air is pervaded by a smell [smoking]. 空气中弥散着一种气味[烟味]。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
    55 arena [əˈri:nə] Yv4zd   第7级
    n.竞技场,运动场所;竞争场所,舞台
    参考例句:
    • She entered the political arena at the age of 25. 她25岁进入政界。
    • He had not an adequate arena for the exercise of his talents. 他没有充分发挥其才能的场所。
    56 throb [θrɒb] aIrzV   第9级
    vi.震颤,颤动;(急速强烈地)跳动,搏动;n.悸动,脉搏
    参考例句:
    • She felt her heart give a great throb. 她感到自己的心怦地跳了一下。
    • The drums seemed to throb in his ears. 阵阵鼓声彷佛在他耳边震响。
    57 veins ['veɪnz] 65827206226d9e2d78ea2bfe697c6329   第7级
    n.纹理;矿脉( vein的名词复数 );静脉;叶脉;纹理
    参考例句:
    • The blood flows from the capillaries back into the veins. 血从毛细血管流回静脉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • I felt a pleasant glow in all my veins from the wine. 喝过酒后我浑身的血都热烘烘的,感到很舒服。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    58 tune [tju:n] NmnwW   第7级
    n.调子;和谐,协调;vt.调音,调节,调整;vi.[电子][通信] 调谐;协调
    参考例句:
    • He'd written a tune, and played it to us on the piano. 他写了一段曲子,并在钢琴上弹给我们听。
    • The boy beat out a tune on a tin can. 那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。

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