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科技巨擘为新闻业带来转机
添加时间:2015-07-27 12:36:41 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • The internet era has not been kind to newspaper publishers. It has almost killed classified advertising1, accelerated a decline in circulation and directed eyeballs towards a seemingly infinite supply of blogs, videos and websites.

    报刊出版商在互联网时代的日子一直不太好过。互联网几乎消灭了分类广告,加速了发行量的下降,吸引人们的眼球转向貌似无止境的博客、视频和网站。

    But after more than a decade of struggling to keep up with disruptive technology, a glimmer2 of hope has brightened the pervading3 gloom in the industry. And with that hope comes the very source of so many of its woes4: Silicon5 Valley.

    但在苦苦紧跟这一颠覆性的科技10多年后,一道希望的曙光照进了这个普遍悲观的行业。伴随这希望而来的,是造成报刊业许多不幸的根源:硅谷。

    Apple and Facebook have announced news services that could potentially create an important revenue stream for publishers, broaden their readership and — eventually — offer them a direct path to paying subscribers.

    苹果(Apple)和Facebook分别宣布了新闻服务,此类服务潜在有望为出版商开辟一条重要的收入来源,拓宽它们的读者群,最终为它们提供争取付费订户的直接路径。

    Facebook has enlisted6 nine publishers for its Instant Articles services, which has already launched in limited form in the US with content from BuzzFeed, The Atlantic and The New York Times. (It plans to start the service in Europe soon.) Apple, meanwhile, has signed up dozens of publishers for Apple News — a Flipboard-style app which launches in the autumn — including The New York Times, The Guardian7, The Economist8 and the Financial Times.

    Facebook的Instant Articles服务已与9家出版商达成合作。目前Instant Articles已在美国以有限形式推出,内容来自BuzzFeed、《大西洋月刊》(The Atlantic)和《纽约时报》(New York Times)。Facebook计划尽快在欧洲推出该服务。与此同时,苹果的Apple News也与几十家出版商签订了协议,其中包括《纽约时报》、《卫报》(Guardian)、《经济学人》(The Economist)以及英国《金融时报》(Financial Times)。Apple News是一款类似Flipboard的应用,定于今年秋季推出。

    Given the industry’s bruising9 experiences, it is perhaps natural that publishers have greeted the new services with a mixture of fear and optimism. Mark Thompson, chief executive of The New York Times, points to the benefits of being able provide its news content to a vast new audience. “We’re talking about an opportunity to distribute your content at no charge at all to well over 1bn people,” he says. “[Facebook] has a larger population than the People’s Republic of China.”

    出版商对这些新服务的情绪交织着乐观与恐惧,鉴于出版业的坎坷经历,这或许也是自然反应。《纽约时报》首席执行官马克?汤普森(Mark Thompson)指出,这些服务的好处是能够将该报的新闻内容提供给庞大的新受众群体。他说:“我们谈论的是一个免费向远远超过10亿人分发内容的机会。(Facebook)的用户群比中华人民共和国的人口还多。”

    But there are concerns that Apple News and Facebook Instant Articles — which are not paying for the content — will chip away at the notion of a newspaper or magazine website as a standalone brand to be digested whole, rather than broken up into individual stories and scattered11 across different apps. The services could “dilute12 [publisher] brands as destination sites and?.?.?.? boost the platform brand”, says Gordon Crovitz, a media adviser13 and former publisher of the Wall Street Journal.

    Apple News和Facebook Instant Articles不会为这些内容付费,有人因此担心,此类服务会削弱报刊网站作为独立品牌、供读者整体消化(而不是分解成个别的报道,散播在不同的应用里)的概念。媒体顾问、《华尔街日报》(Wall Street Journal)前出版人戈登?克罗维茨(Gordon Crovitz)表示,这些新闻服务“将(出版商)品牌淡化成一个个目标站点……却提升了平台的品牌”。

    Publishers have also privately14 voiced concerns about the power Apple and Facebook will wield15 and the potential harm the new aggregation16 services could cause to paid subscription17 models. Apple has told publishers its service will eventually include subscription capability18 and, like Facebook, has told them they will be able to keep all the advertising revenue they generate. But neither company has ruled out changing this arrangement in the future.

    各家出版商私下也表示,担心苹果和Facebook将拥有的实力,担心新的新闻聚合服务潜在可能给付费订阅模式带来的损害。苹果向合作出版商表示,它的服务最终将包括订阅功能,同时苹果和Facebook都表示,出版商将可以保留自己产生的全部广告收入。但两家公司都不排除未来改变这一安排。

    Facebook and Apple have a shared aim: increasing the amount of time their users spend on their services, which are increasingly being accessed via smartphones. Smartphones have become the dominant19 way to read news: this year will mark the first time that smartphones were responsible for 50 per cent of news consumption, up from 25 per cent in 2012, according to Ken10 Doctor, an analyst20 with Newsonomics.

    Facebook和苹果有一个共同目标,那就是延长用户使用其服务的时间,越来越多的用户在通过智能手机访问新闻服务。智能手机已成为阅读新闻的主要方式,据Newsonomics分析师肯?多克托(Ken Doctor)表示,2012年智能手机用户新闻消费占比25%,今年这一比例将首次达到50%。

    Driving Facebook and Apple’s interest in news “is the arrival of the smartphone as the primary access point for many readers”, he says. A publisher who has had negotiations21 with both companies puts it differently. Facebook and Apple have “finally woken up to the fact that news has value on mobile”.

    多克托说,Facebook和苹果之所以对新闻感兴趣,是因为“对于许多读者来说,智能手机作为主要接入点的时代已经到来了。”一位与两家公司都进行过谈判的出版商则有不同说法。Facebook和苹果“终于意识到新闻对于移动设备是有价值的。”

    Publishing boost

    出版业的利好

    Two of the world’s biggest technology companies identifying value in a sector22 written off by many other investors23 would normally be cause for celebration in an industry that has lately not had much to cheer about. In the US, combined newspaper advertising revenues from print and digital sources tumbled from close to $50bn in 2005 to $20bn last year, according to the Pew Research Center. In that period, digital advertising revenues on newspaper websites increased from $2bn to just $3.5bn.

    对于一个已经被许多投资者放弃的行业来说,全球两大科技巨头看出该行业的价值,按理是一个庆祝的理由。这个行业近年没多少事情值得欣慰。根据皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)的数据,美国报纸的印刷和数字两块广告收入加到一起,从2005年近500亿美元,下降到2014年的200亿美元。在此期间,报纸网站的数字广告收入仅从20亿美元增长到35亿美元。

    Circulation has not fared much better. In the US, audited25 circulation has fallen as much as 50 per cent for some large daily newspapers in cities such as Miami and San Francisco since 2005, according to data from the Alliance for Audited Media. The picture is similarly bleak26 in the UK: The Sun, the biggest selling UK newspaper, has lost 1m readers since 2008, according to figures from the Audit24 Bureau of Circulation, while other tabloids27 and broadsheets are also selling fewer copies. In the past 12 months sales of daily UK newspapers fell 7.6 per cent to an average of a little more than 7m.

    发行量的表现也好不到哪里去。根据美国审计媒体联盟(Alliance for Audited Media, AAM)的数据,在迈阿密、旧金山等城市,自2005年以来一些主流日报的认证发行量下降多达50%。英国的情况同样惨淡,根据发行量审计局(Audit Bureau of Circulation, ABC)的数据,自2008年以来,英国销量最大的《太阳报》(The Sun)失去了100万名读者,其他小报和大报的发行量也逐年下降。过去12个月期间英国日报销售量下跌7.6%,每天平均只有700万多一点。

    Most large circulation dailies have introduced paywalls to replace revenues lost by falling print sales and advertising, but with limited success. The New York Times has close to 1m digital-only subscriptions28, for example, while the Wall Street Journal has amassed29 724,000 paying digital readers. But Tribune Publishing, which owns 10 daily titles including the Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune and Baltimore Sun, had just 67,000 paying subscribers across its portfolio30 at the end of the first quarter, according to a company filing.

    销量较大的日报大多已采用付费墙模式,以弥补印刷报纸销量和广告下降所带来的收入损失,但效果有限。例如《纽约时报》的纯数字订阅接近100万,而《华尔街日报》争取到72.4万付费数字读者。但根据公司监管申报文件,旗下拥有《洛杉矶时报》(Los Angeles Times)、《芝加哥论坛报》(Chicago Tribune)和《巴尔的摩太阳报》(Baltimore Sun)等10份日报的Tribune Publishing,在今年第一季度末总共只有6.7万付费数字读者。

    While publishers grapple with the transition to digital, appetite for online news is soaring on social media. The trend is epitomised by the growth of free sites such as BuzzFeed, which specialise in viral content. “Search is less prevalent and social apps become much more prevalent in content discovery,” says Mr Thompson.

    在出版商艰难把握向数字化过渡的同时,社交媒体对在线新闻的胃口不断高涨。这一趋势体现于一些免费网站的增长,例如专门发布病毒式内容的BuzzFeed。《纽约时报》的汤普森说:“在内容发现方面,搜索已经不那么流行了,社交应用正变得日益盛行。”

    For years, Google News “dominated outside discovery of news online”, says Mr Doctor. Publishers chafed31 at its strength and market power but “now they have a new source of traffic” — Facebook Instant Articles and Apple News — “that has more promise of monetisation”. Other news apps, such as Flipboard, have failed to break out as a niche32. Will Facebook and instant articles fare differently?

    Newsonomics的多克托说,谷歌新闻(Google News)多年来“主导着在线新闻的外部发现”,它的实力和市场威力让出版商郁闷,但“现在他们有了新的流量来源(Facebook Instant Articles与Apple News),这一来源更有创收希望。”其他新闻应用,比如Flipboard,未能突破小众市场的格局。Facebook和Instant Articles会有不同结局吗?

    Demand for news

    对新闻的需求

    Facebook is well established in referring its users to news sites. Google is the top referrer online and was the source of about 41 per cent of all web traffic between January and February this year. But social media, led by Facebook, is eating into its lead, generating about 36 per cent of traffic referrals, according to Parse33.ly, an analytics provider.

    Facebook早已开始将用户推送至新闻网站。谷歌是最大的在线引荐者,今年1月至2月间是大约41%网站流量的来源。但分析提供商Parse.ly的数据显示,以Facebook为首的社交媒体正在蚕食谷歌的领先份额,产生了36%的流量。

    Almost a third of US adults read or watch news on Facebook, just under half the 64 per cent who use the social network, according to data from the Pew Research Center published in September. This compares with 8 per cent of US adults who find their news on Twitter.

    皮尤研究中心去年9月发布的数据显示,几乎三分之一的美国成年人在Facebook上阅读或观看新闻,略低于使用该社交网络的64%美国成年人的一半。相比之下,只有8%的美国成年人从Twitter获得新闻。

    Facebook wants to increase the time its users spend on the platform: news lures34 people back to its mobile app more frequently and encourages them to linger there for longer. However, stories that link away from its news feed to other sites take additional seconds to load. “People don’t want to wait that long so a lot of people abandon news before it has even loaded,” Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s chief executive, says.

    Facebook希望增加用户在其平台上所花的时间:新闻可以更频繁地吸引人们回到移动应用,并鼓励他们逗留更长时间。然而,其推送链接至其他网站的新闻需要额外的几秒钟进行加载。Facebook首席执行官马克?扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)说:“人们不想等那么久,所以,很多人在这些新闻网页加载前就放弃它们了。”

    Instant Articles was created to solve this problem. The format35 shows the whole article on Facebook’s site, rather than directing the reader to the story within a mini-browser in the app.

    推出Instant Articles服务就是用来解决这个问题的。这种模式在Facebook网站上显示出整篇文章,而不是将读者指引至应用中的一个迷你浏览器。

    “Each second counts,” says Michael Reckhow, Facebook’s product manager for Instant Articles. “Speed is the most important feature you can deliver in a mobile experience.” Facebook has the tools to make the articles load up to 10 times faster by simplifying the complex network requests, which news publishers do not have, he says. The new format also allows for more photos and interactive36 elements without reducing speed. “Facebook’s users?.?.?.?are sharing more and more links to news articles.”

    “每一秒钟都很重要,”负责Instant Articles的Facebook产品经理迈克尔?雷克豪(Michael Reckhow)说,“在移动体验中,速度是你可以提供的最重要功能。”他说,Facebook有能力通过简化复杂的网络请求将文章的加载速度提升10倍,而新闻机构没有这样的能力。新的服务还可以在不降低速度的情况下承载更多照片和互动元素。“Facebook的用户……正在分享越来越多的新闻报道链接。”

    Facebook has signed up nine publishers to Instant Articles; Apple has several dozen, ranging from The Economist, Politico and The Daily Telegraph to magazines such as GQ, Vanity Fair and Marie Claire. But not every publisher has jumped on board.

    Facebook已经为Instant Articles签约了9家出版机构;而苹果已经签约了几十家,从《经济学人》、Politico、《每日电讯报》(Daily Telegraph),到《智族》(GQ)、《名利场》(Vanity Fair)和《嘉人》(Marie Claire)等杂志。但并不是所有出版机构都愿意加盟。

    News Corp, which owns a large newspaper portfolio, including the Wall Street Journal, The Sun and The Times, has not signed up to either scheme. Robert Thomson, News Corp’s chief executive, says the initiatives hark back to the “archaic37 AOL-style walled garden” of the web 15 years ago.

    旗下拥有《华尔街日报》、《太阳报》及《泰晤士报》(The Times)等多份报纸的新闻集团(News Corp),并未与Facebook或苹果签约。新闻集团首席执行官罗伯特?汤姆森(Robert Thomson)称,这些倡议让人回想起15年前web上那种“过时的、美国在线(AOL)式的围墙花园”。

    Providing content to these news services could be damaging to the identity of News Corp’s individual titles, he suggests. “Egregious38 aggregation takes various forms and there is no perceptible purpose in allowing our identity and our yields to be drowned in a stream of content. Our journalism39 is outstanding and has a commercial value, so why would we allow that immense value to be undermined in formats40 that commodify content?”

    新闻服务提供内容可能会损害新闻集团旗下报纸的独立认同。“过度聚合有各种各样的形式,而且看不出有什么目的要让我们的认同和收益被淹没在内容的洪流中。我们的新闻是卓越的、有商业价值的,那么,我们为什么要允许这样巨大的价值在使内容商品化的服务中被削弱呢?”

    Yet for other publishers, the prospect41 of reaching younger audiences — readers that may not be inclined to ever shell out for a digital subscription — trumps42 any doubts. “If you think that these digital users are unlikely to become subscribers the fact that you can monetise them through advertising becomes a victory in itself,” says Mr Thompson of the New York Times.

    然而,对其他出版商来说,接触到更年轻的受众——这些读者也许根本不打算掏钱进行数字订阅——这种前景胜过了一切疑虑。“如果你想到这些数字用户不太可能变成订阅用户,那么你可以通过广告从他们身上赚钱的事实本身就是一场胜利了,”《纽约时报》的汤普森说。

    The services should allow publishers to offer another dimension to their ad sales packages, according to Mr Doctor of Newsonomics. “If you are the New York Times and you do a deal with Ford43 and put together a $400,000 campaign for them you can put the ads on NYTimes.com, you can put them in your news apps and now you can put it next to New York Times stories on Facebook. There’s more distribution and a larger audience but [thanks to Facebook] that audience will be younger.”

    他提出,向这些

    Newsonomics的多克托表示,这些服务应当允许出版商为他们的广告销售套餐提供又一个维度。“如果你是《纽约时报》,和福特(Ford)达成了一项协议,为他们进行总值40万美元的广告宣传,你可以把广告放在NYTimes.com上,可以把广告放在你的新闻应用里,现在你还可以把广告放在Facebook里《纽约时报》的报道旁边。这样分发更广,受众群更大,不过(得益于Facebook)这些受众将更加年轻。”

    Adding expertise44

    增添专业诀窍

    But there are other lingering worries for publishers. Technology companies are doing more than merely being a conduit and platform for news and advertising. They are encroaching on to the territory of newspapers and magazines by becoming journalism practitioners45, hiring people to make editorial judgments46 about story selection and placement.

    但出版商还有一些挥之不去的担忧。科技公司的活动已经超出了新闻、广告的渠道和平台的范畴。它们正逐渐侵入报纸和杂志的领地,雇佣人员对新闻报道的遴选和排版位置作出编辑选择,从而成为新闻从业者。

    Apple recently began advertising for editors to work on Apple News, part of a push to offer the same kind of personalisation in news that it is striving for with its new Apple Music streaming service. A recent job ad said it sought journalists with “newsroom experience” able to “recognise original, compelling stories unlikely to be identified by algorithms”.

    最近,苹果开始发布广告招募Apple News的编辑,就像苹果现在努力在新的Apple Music流媒体服务中做到的事情一样,此举部分是为了在新闻中体现出一种个性化。最近一则苹果招聘广告称,苹果希望寻找有“新闻编辑部经验”的记者,能够“识别出不太可能被算法发现的新颖和能够打动人的报道”。

    Twitter, too, is hiring journalists. Its so-called Project Lightning, which is set to be launched in the autumn, will present the news that already floods the messaging platform in a way that makes it easier to find. The company is establishing its own editorial team to select the best 25 to 30 tweets on particular topics.

    Twitter也在招募记者。今秋该公司将启动“Project Lightning”(闪电计划),把已经充斥在其消息平台上的新闻以一种更易找到的方式呈现出来。该公司正在成立自己的编辑团队,为特定话题挑选25到30条最佳tweet。

    It is unclear how Facebook and Apple will set their own editorial policies: like Facebook, Apple has not yet clarified whether it would distribute stories about its own activities, for example. This raises important questions for publishers, says Emily Bell, director of the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at the Columbia School of Journalism in New York.

    目前还不清楚Facebook和苹果将如何设定自己的编辑政策:比如,就像Facebook一样,苹果还没有阐明它是否将分发有关该公司自身活动的报道。哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)陶氏数字新闻中心(Tow Center for Digital Journalism)主任艾米丽?贝尔(Emily Bell)表示,这给发行商带来一些重要问题。

    “Journalism has always had an independence of production and distribution,” she says. “But we’re moving away from that for the first time.” Publishers are “becoming dependent on a power structure they should be reporting on”.

    “新闻一直都拥有制作和分发的独立性,”她表示,“但我们正第一次背离这一点。”出版商正“变得依赖于一个它们本应报道的权力结构。”

    It all adds up to a Faustian bargain for an industry that has few other options, she says. “There’s nothing transparent47 about these platforms. But you don’t have much of an option but to embrace them if you want to reach an audience and remain relevant.”

    贝尔表示,这一切对一个没有多少其他选择的行业构成了一笔浮士德式的交易。“这些平台没有透明度可言。但你没有太多选择,要想触及受众,保持相关性,你就必须接受它们。”

     11级    双语 


    点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

    1 advertising [ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ] 1zjzi3   第7级
    n.广告业;广告活动 adj.广告的;广告业务的
    参考例句:
    • Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
    • The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。
    2 glimmer [ˈglɪmə(r)] 5gTxU   第8级
    vi.发出闪烁的微光;n.微光,微弱的闪光
    参考例句:
    • I looked at her and felt a glimmer of hope. 我注视她,感到了一线希望。
    • A glimmer of amusement showed in her eyes. 她的眼中露出一丝笑意。
    3 pervading [pə'veɪdɪŋ] f19a78c99ea6b1c2e0fcd2aa3e8a8501   第8级
    v.遍及,弥漫( pervade的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • an all-pervading sense of gloom 无处不在的沮丧感
    • a pervading mood of fear 普遍的恐惧情绪
    4 woes [wəʊz] 887656d87afcd3df018215107a0daaab   第7级
    困境( woe的名词复数 ); 悲伤; 我好苦哇; 某人就要倒霉
    参考例句:
    • Thanks for listening to my woes. 谢谢您听我诉说不幸的遭遇。
    • She has cried the blues about its financial woes. 对于经济的困难她叫苦不迭。
    5 silicon [ˈsɪlɪkən] dykwJ   第7级
    n.硅(旧名矽)
    参考例句:
    • This company pioneered the use of silicon chip. 这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
    • A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp. 芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。
    6 enlisted [ɪnˈlɪstɪd] 2d04964099d0ec430db1d422c56be9e2   第9级
    adj.应募入伍的v.(使)入伍, (使)参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 );获得(帮助或支持)
    参考例句:
    • enlisted men and women 男兵和女兵
    • He enlisted with the air force to fight against the enemy. 他应募加入空军对敌作战。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    7 guardian [ˈgɑ:diən] 8ekxv   第7级
    n.监护人;守卫者,保护者
    参考例句:
    • The form must be signed by the child's parents or guardian. 这张表格须由孩子的家长或监护人签字。
    • The press is a guardian of the public weal. 报刊是公共福利的卫护者。
    8 economist [ɪˈkɒnəmɪst] AuhzVs   第8级
    n.经济学家,经济专家,节俭的人
    参考例句:
    • He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem. 他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
    • He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers. 他是个经济学家,自以为什么都懂。
    9 bruising [ˈbru:zɪŋ] 5310e51c1a6e8b086b8fc68e716b0925   第7级
    adj.殊死的;十分激烈的v.擦伤(bruise的现在分词形式)
    参考例句:
    • He suffered cracked ribs and bruising. 他断了肋骨还有挫伤。
    • He slipped and fell, badly bruising an elbow. 他滑倒了,一只胳膊肘严重擦伤。 来自辞典例句
    10 ken [ken] k3WxV   第8级
    n.视野,知识领域
    参考例句:
    • Such things are beyond my ken. 我可不懂这些事。
    • Abstract words are beyond the ken of children. 抽象的言辞超出小孩所理解的范围。
    11 scattered ['skætəd] 7jgzKF   第7级
    adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的
    参考例句:
    • Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来,塞进文件夹里。
    12 dilute [daɪˈlu:t] FmBya   第7级
    vt.稀释,冲淡;adj.稀释的,冲淡的
    参考例句:
    • The water will dilute the wine. 水能使酒变淡。
    • Zinc displaces the hydrogen of dilute acids. 锌置换了稀酸中的氢。
    13 adviser [ədˈvaɪzə(r)] HznziU   第8级
    n.劝告者,顾问
    参考例句:
    • They employed me as an adviser. 他们聘请我当顾问。
    • Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser. 我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。
    14 privately ['praɪvətlɪ] IkpzwT   第8级
    adv.以私人的身份,悄悄地,私下地
    参考例句:
    • Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise. 一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
    • The man privately admits that his motive is profits. 那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。
    15 wield [wi:ld] efhyv   第9级
    vt.行使,运用,支配;挥,使用(武器等)
    参考例句:
    • They wield enormous political power. 他们行使巨大的政治权力。
    • People may wield the power in a democracy. 在民主国家里,人民可以行使权力。
    16 aggregation [ˌæɡrɪ'ɡeɪʃn] OKUyE   第10级
    n.聚合,组合;凝聚
    参考例句:
    • A high polymer is a very large aggregation of units. 一个高聚物是许多单元的非常大的组合。
    • Moreover, aggregation influences the outcome of chemical disinfection of viruses. 此外,聚集作用还会影响化学消毒的效果。
    17 subscription [səbˈskrɪpʃn] qH8zt   第8级
    n.预订,预订费,亲笔签名,调配法,下标(处方)
    参考例句:
    • We paid a subscription of 5 pounds yearly. 我们按年度缴纳5英镑的订阅费。
    • Subscription selling bloomed splendidly. 订阅销售量激增。
    18 capability [ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti] JsGzZ   第7级
    n.能力;才能;(pl)可发展的能力或特性等
    参考例句:
    • She has the capability to become a very fine actress. 她有潜力成为杰出演员。
    • Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability. 组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。
    19 dominant [ˈdɒmɪnənt] usAxG   第7级
    adj.支配的,统治的;占优势的;显性的;n.主因,要素,主要的人(或物);显性基因
    参考例句:
    • The British were formerly dominant in India. 英国人从前统治印度。
    • She was a dominant figure in the French film industry. 她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。
    20 analyst [ˈænəlɪst] gw7zn   第9级
    n.分析家,化验员;心理分析学家
    参考例句:
    • What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst? 你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务?
    • The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards. 分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。
    21 negotiations [nɪɡəʊʃ'ɪeɪʃnz] af4b5f3e98e178dd3c4bac64b625ecd0   第7级
    协商( negotiation的名词复数 ); 谈判; 完成(难事); 通过
    参考例句:
    • negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
    • Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。
    22 sector [ˈsektə(r)] yjczYn   第7级
    n.部门,部分;防御地段,防区;扇形
    参考例句:
    • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
    • The enemy have attacked the British sector. 敌人已进攻英国防区。
    23 investors [ɪn'vestəz] dffc64354445b947454450e472276b99   第8级
    n.投资者,出资者( investor的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
    • a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会
    24 audit [ˈɔ:dɪt] wuGzw   第7级
    vt.审计;查帐;核对;旁听;vi.审计;[审计] 查帐;n.审计;[审计] 查帐
    参考例句:
    • Each year they audit our accounts and certify them as being true and fair. 他们每年对我们进行账务审核,以确保其真实无误。
    • As usual, the yearly audit will take place in December. 跟往常一样,年度审计将在十二月份进行。
    25 audited [ˈɔ:ditid] 046f25df2e99a79dbb3462bbbfa35bf2   第7级
    v.审计,查账( audit的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • The accounts have to be audited by a firm of external auditors. 这些账目必须由一家外聘审计员的公司来稽查。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • E. g. few if any charities collection publishes audited accounts. 例如很少义款收集有公布经过查核的帐目。 来自互联网
    26 bleak [bli:k] gtWz5   第7级
    adj.(天气)阴冷的;凄凉的;暗淡的
    参考例句:
    • They showed me into a bleak waiting room. 他们引我来到一间阴冷的会客室。
    • The company's prospects look pretty bleak. 这家公司的前景异常暗淡。
    27 tabloids [ˈtæblɔidz] 80172bf88a29df0651289943c6d7fa19   第11级
    n.小报,通俗小报(版面通常比大报小一半,文章短,图片多,经常报道名人佚事)( tabloid的名词复数 );药片
    参考例句:
    • The story was on the front pages of all the tabloids. 所有小报都在头版报道了这件事。
    • The story made the front page in all the tabloids. 这件事成了所有小报的头版新闻。
    28 subscriptions [səbsk'rɪpʃnz] 2d5d14f95af035cbd8437948de61f94c   第8级
    n.(报刊等的)订阅费( subscription的名词复数 );捐款;(俱乐部的)会员费;捐助
    参考例句:
    • Subscriptions to these magazines can be paid in at the post office. 这些杂志的订阅费可以在邮局缴纳。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Payment of subscriptions should be made to the club secretary. 会费应交给俱乐部秘书。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    29 amassed [əˈmæst] 4047ea1217d3f59ca732ca258d907379   第8级
    v.积累,积聚( amass的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • He amassed a fortune from silver mining. 他靠开采银矿积累了一笔财富。
    • They have amassed a fortune in just a few years. 他们在几年的时间里就聚集了一笔财富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    30 portfolio [pɔ:tˈfəʊliəʊ] 9OzxZ   第9级
    n.公事包;文件夹;大臣及部长职位
    参考例句:
    • He remembered her because she was carrying a large portfolio. 他因为她带着一个大公文包而记住了她。
    • He resigned his portfolio. 他辞去了大臣职务。
    31 chafed [tʃeɪft] f9adc83cf3cbb1d83206e36eae090f1f   第10级
    v.擦热(尤指皮肤)( chafe的过去式 );擦痛;发怒;惹怒
    参考例句:
    • Her wrists chafed where the rope had been. 她的手腕上绳子勒过的地方都磨红了。
    • She chafed her cold hands. 她揉搓冰冷的双手使之暖和。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
    32 niche [nɪtʃ] XGjxH   第9级
    n.壁龛;合适的职务(环境、位置等)
    参考例句:
    • Madeleine placed it carefully in the rocky niche. 玛德琳小心翼翼地把它放在岩石壁龛里。
    • The really talented among women would always make their own niche. 妇女中真正有才能的人总是各得其所。
    33 parse [pɑ:z] 9LHxp   第11级
    vt.&vi.理解,从语法上分析;n.从语法上分析
    参考例句:
    • I simply couldn't parse what you just said. 我完全无法对你刚说的话作语法分析。
    • It causes the parser to parse an NP. 它调用分析程序分析一个名词短语。
    34 lures [] 43e770a1168e7235f5138d9f36ecd3b5   第7级
    吸引力,魅力(lure的复数形式)
    参考例句:
    • He left home because of the lures of life in the city. 他离家是由于都市生活的诱惑。
    • Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures men down to the depths of the earth. 可能正是寻觅幽静的去处,或者找个猎奇的机会的欲望引诱着人们进入地球的深处。
    35 format [ˈfɔ:mæt] giJxb   第7级
    n.设计,版式;[计算机]格式,DOS命令:格式化(磁盘);vt.&vi使格式化,设计,安排
    参考例句:
    • Please format this floppy disc. 请将这张软盘格式化。
    • The format of the figure is very tasteful. 该图表的格式很雅致。
    36 interactive [ˌɪntərˈæktɪv] KqZzFY   第8级
    adj.相互作用的,互相影响的,(电脑)交互的
    参考例句:
    • The psychotherapy is carried out in small interactive groups. 这种心理治疗是在互动的小组之间进行的。
    • This will make videogames more interactive than ever. 这将使电子游戏的互动性更胜以往。
    37 archaic [ɑ:ˈkeɪɪk] 4Nyyd   第9级
    adj.(语言、词汇等)古代的,已不通用的
    参考例句:
    • The company does some things in archaic ways, such as not using computers for bookkeeping. 这个公司有些做法陈旧,如记账不使用电脑。
    • Shaanxi is one of the Chinese archaic civilized origins which has a long history. 陕西省是中国古代文明发祥之一,有悠久的历史。
    38 egregious [ɪˈgri:dʒiəs] j8RyE   第11级
    adj.非常的,过分的
    参考例句:
    • When it comes to blatant lies, there are none more egregious than budget figures. 谈到公众谎言,没有比预算数字更令人震惊的。
    • What an egregious example was here! 现摆着一个多么触目惊心的例子啊。
    39 journalism [ˈdʒɜ:nəlɪzəm] kpZzu8   第9级
    n.新闻工作,报业
    参考例句:
    • He's a teacher but he does some journalism on the side. 他是教师,可还兼职做一些新闻工作。
    • He had an aptitude for journalism. 他有从事新闻工作的才能。
    40 formats ['fɔ:mæts] 57e77c4c0b351cea2abb4e8b0042b074   第7级
    n.(出版物的)版式( format的名词复数 );[电视]电视节目的总安排(或计划)
    参考例句:
    • They are producing books in all kinds of different formats. 他们出版各种不同开本的书籍。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • A true GUI includes standard formats for representing text and graphics. 真正的图形用户界面包括表示文字和图形的标准格式。 来自互联网
    41 prospect [ˈprɒspekt] P01zn   第7级
    n.前景,前途;景色,视野
    参考例句:
    • This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect. 事态呈现出可喜的前景。
    • The prospect became more evident. 前景变得更加明朗了。
    42 trumps [trʌmps] 22c5470ebcda312e395e4d85c40b03f7   第10级
    abbr.trumpets 喇叭;小号;喇叭形状的东西;喇叭筒v.(牌戏)出王牌赢(一牌或一墩)( trump的过去式 );吹号公告,吹号庆祝;吹喇叭;捏造
    参考例句:
    • On the day of the match the team turned up trumps. 比赛那天该队出乎意料地获得胜利。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Every time John is late getting home he trumps up some new excuse. 每次约翰晚回家都会编造个新借口。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    43 Ford [fɔ:d, fəʊrd] KiIxx   第8级
    n.浅滩,水浅可涉处;v.涉水,涉过
    参考例句:
    • They were guarding the bridge, so we forded the river. 他们驻守在那座桥上,所以我们只能涉水过河。
    • If you decide to ford a stream, be extremely careful. 如果已决定要涉过小溪,必须极度小心。
    44 expertise [ˌekspɜ:ˈti:z] fmTx0   第7级
    n.专门知识(或技能等),专长
    参考例句:
    • We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes. 他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
    • You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough. 你真正在专业技术上有了一个全新的突破。
    45 practitioners [prækˈtiʃənəz] 4f6cea6bb06753de69fd05e8adbf90a8   第7级
    n.习艺者,实习者( practitioner的名词复数 );从业者(尤指医师)
    参考例句:
    • one of the greatest practitioners of science fiction 最了不起的科幻小说家之一
    • The technique is experimental, but the list of its practitioners is growing. 这种技术是试验性的,但是采用它的人正在增加。 来自辞典例句
    46 judgments [d'ʒʌdʒmənts] 2a483d435ecb48acb69a6f4c4dd1a836   第7级
    判断( judgment的名词复数 ); 鉴定; 评价; 审判
    参考例句:
    • A peculiar austerity marked his judgments of modern life. 他对现代生活的批评带着一种特殊的苛刻。
    • He is swift with his judgments. 他判断迅速。
    47 transparent [trænsˈpærənt] Smhwx   第7级
    adj.明显的,无疑的;透明的
    参考例句:
    • The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming. 水清澈透明,可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
    • The window glass is transparent. 窗玻璃是透明的。

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