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为什么大脑忙起来人就容易饿
添加时间:2016-09-12 21:10:11 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • A busy brain can mean a hungry body.

    大脑忙碌可能会导致身体饥饿。

    We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam or poring over spreadsheets.

    我们经常在集中进行脑力活动后寻找食物,比如备考或阅读报表。

    Researchers speculate that heavy bouts1 of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.

    研究者猜测,高强度思考会耗尽脑部能量,而脑部存储养分的能力十分有限。

    So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories to keep going, apparently2 stimulates3 bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or caloric expenditure4, we eat.

    所以,大脑感觉自己可能很快就需要更多热量来维持运转,显然会因此刺激身体产生饥饿感。尽管几乎没有进行体力运动或出现热量消耗,我们还是会吃东西。

    This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.

    这个过程可以部分解释大学生中常见的体重增加现象。

    Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such post--study food binges.

    前不久,亚拉巴马大学伯明翰分校(University of Alabama at Birmingham)的科学家们和另一个研究机构试验通过运动对抗学习后的暴饮暴食。

    Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist5 at U.A.B., oversaw6 the study, which was published this month in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.

    这项研究由亚拉巴马大学伯明翰分校的运动生理学家加里•亨特(Gary Hunter)主持,本月发表在《体育医学与科学》(Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise)上。

    Hunter notes that strenuous7 activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate — a byproduct of intense muscle contractions8 — circulating in the blood and augments9 blood flow to the head.

    亨特指出,剧烈活动会增加在血液中循环的血糖和乳酸盐含量——这是肌肉剧烈收缩的副作用——增加脑部的血流量。

    Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted10 brain and reduce the urge to overeat.

    大脑以糖和乳酸盐为养料,所以研究者们想知道,锻炼中增加的养料丰富的血流量是否能给疲惫的大脑提供养分,从而减轻过度进食的冲动。

    Thirty--eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to determine their fitness and metabolic11 rates — and to report what their favorite pizza was.

    38名健康的大学生被邀请到亚拉巴马大学伯明翰分校的运动实验室,接受健康水平和代谢率检测,并报告自己最喜欢吃哪种披萨。

    Afterward12, they sat quietly for 35 minutes before being given as much of their favorite pizza as they wanted, which established a baseline measure of self--indulgence.

    之后,他们静坐35分钟,然后他们想吃多少披萨就供应多少,以确定自我放纵的基线。

    At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes tackling selections from college and graduate--school entrance exams.

    在后来的一个日子里,志愿者们返回这里,花费20分钟时间做从大学和研究生入学考试中挑选的题目。

    Hunter says this work has been used in other studies to induce mental fatigue13 and hunger.

    亨特说,这种方法已经在其他研究中被用于引发精神疲劳和饥饿感。

    Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza.

    接下来,其中一半学生静坐15分钟,然后进食披萨。

    The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals14 on a treadmill15: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times.

    剩下的志愿者用那15分钟时间在跑步机上做运动:快跑2分钟,然后走大约1分钟,重复5次。

    This is the sort of brief but intensive routine, Hunter says, that should prompt the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream.

    亨特说,这种短暂而高强度的运动应该能促进糖和乳酸盐释放到血流中。

    These students were then allowed to gorge16 on pizza, too.

    这些学生之后也被允许尽情食用披萨。

    But by and large, they did not overeat.

    总体来说,他们没有过量进食。

    In fact, the researchers calculated that the exercisers consumed about 25 fewer calories than they did during their baseline session.

    实际上,研究者们计算出,这些锻炼者摄入的热量比在基线测试阶段大约少25卡路里。

    The nonexercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.

    但是,那些没有锻炼的人大约多摄入了100卡路里。

    When the researchers factored in the calories expended17 on running, they determined18 that those students actually consumed 200 fewer total calories after their brain workouts than the resting students.

    研究者们把跑步中耗费的热量计算在内后发现,那些学生实际上在脑力活动后比其他学生一共少摄入200卡路里。

    The study has limitations, of course.

    这项研究当然具有局限性。

    We only looked at lunch, Hunter says; the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner.

    我们只研究了午餐,亨特说。研究者不知道跑步者在晚餐时是否摄入了更多热量。

    They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.

    他们也不知道其他哪些运动会收到和跑步一样的效果,不过亨特说,他们猜测,如果一项运动能让人出汗,那么它应该也能增加血糖和乳酸盐释放,给大脑提供养分,从而缓解饥饿感。

     11级    英文科普 


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    1 bouts [bauts] 2abe9936190c45115a3f6a38efb27c43   第9级
    n.拳击(或摔跤)比赛( bout的名词复数 );一段(工作);(尤指坏事的)一通;(疾病的)发作
    参考例句:
    • For much of his life he suffered from recurrent bouts of depression. 他的大半辈子反复发作抑郁症。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • It was one of fistiana's most famous championship bouts. 这是拳击界最有名的冠军赛之一。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
    2 apparently [əˈpærəntli] tMmyQ   第7级
    adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
    参考例句:
    • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space. 山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
    • He was apparently much surprised at the news. 他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
    3 stimulates [ˈstimjuleits] 7384b1562fa5973e17b0984305c09f3e   第7级
    v.刺激( stimulate的第三人称单数 );激励;使兴奋;起兴奋作用,起刺激作用,起促进作用
    参考例句:
    • Exercise stimulates the body. 运动促进身体健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Alcohol stimulates the action of the heart. 酒刺激心脏的活动。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
    4 expenditure [ɪkˈspendɪtʃə(r)] XPbzM   第7级
    n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出;使用,消耗
    参考例句:
    • The entry of all expenditure is necessary. 有必要把一切开支入账。
    • The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether. 我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。
    5 physiologist [ˌfizi'ɔlədʒist] 5NUx2   第8级
    n.生理学家
    参考例句:
    • Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs (1849-1936). (1849-1936)苏联生理学家,在狗身上观察到唾液条件反射,曾获1904年诺贝尔生理学-医学奖。
    • The physiologist recently studied indicated that evening exercises beneficially. 生理学家新近研究表明,傍晚锻炼最为有益。
    6 oversaw [ˌəʊvə'sɔ:] 1175bee226edb4f0a38466d02f3baa27   第8级
    v.监督,监视( oversee的过去式 )
    参考例句:
    • He will go down as the president who oversaw two historic transitions. 他将作为见证了巴西两次历史性转变的总统,安然引退。 来自互联网
    • Dixon oversaw the project as creative director of Design Research Studio. 狄克逊监督项目的创意总监设计研究工作室。 来自互联网
    7 strenuous [ˈstrenjuəs] 8GvzN   第7级
    adj.奋发的,使劲的;紧张的;热烈的,狂热的
    参考例句:
    • He made strenuous efforts to improve his reading. 他奋发努力提高阅读能力。
    • You may run yourself down in this strenuous week. 你可能会在这紧张的一周透支掉自己。
    8 contractions [kənˈtrækʃənz] 322669f84f436ca5d7fcc2d36731876a   第8级
    n.收缩( contraction的名词复数 );缩减;缩略词;(分娩时)子宫收缩
    参考例句:
    • Contractions are much more common in speech than in writing. 缩略词在口语里比在书写中常见得多。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Muscle contractions are powered by the chemical adenosine triphosphate(ATP ). 肌肉收缩是由化学物质三磷酸腺苷(ATP)提供动力的。 来自辞典例句
    9 augments [ɔ:ɡˈments] 7dad42046a1910949abc6a04e0804c15   第7级
    增加,提高,扩大( augment的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • He augments his income by teaching in the evening. 他通过晚上教书来增加收入。
    • Neostigmine augments the motor activity of the small and large bowel. 新斯的明增强小肠和大肠的运动功能。
    10 exhausted [ɪgˈzɔ:stɪd] 7taz4r   第8级
    adj.极其疲惫的,精疲力尽的
    参考例句:
    • It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted. 搬运回家的这段路程特别长,到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
    • Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life. 珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。
    11 metabolic [ˌmetə'bɒlɪk] 2R4z1   第11级
    adj.新陈代谢的
    参考例句:
    • Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis. 在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
    • A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis. 许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。
    12 afterward ['ɑ:ftəwəd] fK6y3   第7级
    adv.后来;以后
    参考例句:
    • Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterward. 让我们先去看戏,然后吃饭。
    • Afterward, the boy became a very famous artist. 后来,这男孩成为一个很有名的艺术家。
    13 fatigue [fəˈti:g] PhVzV   第7级
    n.疲劳,劳累
    参考例句:
    • The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey. 这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
    • I have got over my weakness and fatigue. 我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。
    14 intervals ['ɪntevl] f46c9d8b430e8c86dea610ec56b7cbef   第7级
    n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 );间隔时间;[数学]区间;(戏剧、电影或音乐会的)幕间休息
    参考例句:
    • The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报间晴,有阵雨。
    • Meetings take place at fortnightly intervals. 每两周开一次会。
    15 treadmill [ˈtredmɪl] 1pOyz   第12级
    n.踏车;单调的工作
    参考例句:
    • The treadmill has a heart rate monitor. 跑步机上有个脉搏监视器。
    • Drugs remove man from the treadmill of routine. 药物可以使人摆脱日常单调的工作带来的疲劳。
    16 gorge [gɔ:dʒ] Zf1xm   第8级
    n.咽喉,胃,暴食,山峡;v.塞饱,狼吞虎咽地吃
    参考例句:
    • East of the gorge leveled out. 峡谷东面地势变得平坦起来。
    • It made my gorge rise to hear the news. 这消息令我作呕。
    17 expended [iksˈpendid] 39b2ea06557590ef53e0148a487bc107   第7级
    v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 );使用(钱等)做某事;用光;耗尽
    参考例句:
    • She expended all her efforts on the care of home and children. 她把所有精力都花在料理家务和照顾孩子上。
    • The enemy had expended all their ammunition. 敌人已耗尽所有的弹药。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    18 determined [dɪˈtɜ:mɪnd] duszmP   第7级
    adj.坚定的;有决心的;v.决定;断定(determine的过去分词)
    参考例句:
    • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation. 我已决定毕业后去西藏。
    • He determined to view the rooms behind the office. 他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

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