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当前位置:首页 -> 12级英语阅读 - > 气候变暖让灰熊弃荤从素改吃浆果
气候变暖让灰熊弃荤从素改吃浆果
添加时间:2017-09-17 18:10:55 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Grizzly1 bears have stopped eating salmon2 in favour of elderberries after being forced to make a choice due to climate change. Warming temperatures meant that the berries are ripening3 earlier than usual, at exactly the same time as the freshwater streams on Alaska’s Kodiak Island are overflowing4 with sockeye salmon.

    由于气候变化的影响,灰熊被迫做出艰难抉择,放弃鲑鱼改吃接骨木果。温暖的气候使得浆果成熟期提前,与此同时,阿拉斯加科迪亚克岛的淡水河流里也挤满了红鲑。

    The island's brown bears typically feed first on salmon in early summer, followed by elderberries later in the season, in late August and September.

    往年,岛上的棕熊在夏初先吃了鲑鱼,然后在八月末和九月吃接骨木果。

    "What you have is a scrambling5 of the schedule," said William Deacy, a biologist at Oregon State University that studied the phenomenon6.

    研究这个现象的俄勒冈州立大学的生物学家威廉?迪西称:“如今的生物成熟期十分混乱。”

    "It's essentially7 like if breakfast and lunch were served at same time and then there is nothing to eat until dinner.

    “这就好比早餐和午餐同时送上来,那么晚餐前就什么都没得吃了。”

    "You have to choose between breakfast and lunch because you can only eat so much at a time."

    “你必须在早餐和午餐间做抉择,因为你一次只能吃那么多。”

    The study found that during the unusually warm summer of 2014, the bears, which would traditionally kill up to 75 percent of the salmon, were nowhere to be seen near the streams.

    研究发现,在2014年,夏季异常温暖,但流水旁却不见灰熊的踪影。照往常来说,它们这时候可要吃掉高达75%的鲑鱼。

    Instead, they were in the hills busy munching8 on berries, which contain less protein and therefore take less energy to break down, causing them to gain weight more quickly.

    但是,它们一反常态,跑到山上大吃浆果。浆果里面的蛋白质含量低,消化分解所需能量少,因此它们长胖的速度也加快了。

    Biologists warned that changes caused by a warming planet were behind the bears' unusual behavior and could affect the entire ecosystem9.

    生物学家们警告称,灰熊不寻常的行为背后反映的是全球变暖所带来的变化,可能会影响整个生态系统。

    The researchers found that the forests around the streams suffered because the bears’ fish carcasses were no longer there to enrich the soil.

    研究人员发现,没有灰熊吃剩的鱼骸来给土壤增肥,河流周围的森林已经受到了影响。

    "Bears switched from eating salmon to elderberries, disrupting an ecological10 link that typically fertilizes11 terrestrial ecosystems12 and generates high mortality rates for salmon," the study said.

    研究表明:“灰熊不吃鲑鱼改吃接骨木果的行为不仅破坏了滋养陆地生态系统的生态链,还促成了鲑鱼的高死亡率。”

    On average, red elderberries are said to be ripening two and a half days earlier every decade.

    据称,平均每十年,红接骨木果成熟的时间会提前两天半。

    If the pattern continues, they will regularly overlap13 with the salmon by 2070.

    如果再这样下去,到2070年,鲑鱼和接骨木果的成熟期将会定期重合。

    The study was published in the Proceedings14 of the National Academy of Sciences.

    这项研究成果已在《美国科学院学报》上发表。

     12级    英语科普 


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    1 grizzly ['grɪzlɪ] c6xyZ   第11级
    adj.略为灰色的,呈灰色的;n.灰色大熊
    参考例句:
    • This grizzly liked people. 这只灰熊却喜欢人。
    • Grizzly bears are not generally social creatures. 一般说来,灰熊不是社交型动物。
    2 salmon [ˈsæmən] pClzB   第7级
    n.鲑,大马哈鱼,橙红色的
    参考例句:
    • We saw a salmon jumping in the waterfall there. 我们看见一条大马哈鱼在那边瀑布中跳跃。
    • Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment? 现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗?
    3 ripening ['raɪpənɪŋ] 5dd8bc8ecf0afaf8c375591e7d121c56   第7级
    v.成熟,使熟( ripen的现在分词 );熟化;熟成
    参考例句:
    • The corn is blossoming [ripening]. 玉米正在开花[成熟]。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    • When the summer crop is ripening, the autumn crop has to be sowed. 夏季作物成熟时,就得播种秋季作物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    4 overflowing [əʊvə'fləʊɪŋ] df84dc195bce4a8f55eb873daf61b924   第7级
    n. 溢出物,溢流 adj. 充沛的,充满的 动词overflow的现在分词形式
    参考例句:
    • The stands were overflowing with farm and sideline products. 集市上农副产品非常丰富。
    • The milk is overflowing. 牛奶溢出来了。
    5 scrambling [ˈskræmblɪŋ] cfea7454c3a8813b07de2178a1025138   第8级
    v.快速爬行( scramble的现在分词 );攀登;争夺;(军事飞机)紧急起飞
    参考例句:
    • Scrambling up her hair, she darted out of the house. 她匆忙扎起头发,冲出房去。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
    • She is scrambling eggs. 她正在炒蛋。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    6 phenomenon [fəˈnɒmɪnən] DNQxo   第8级
    n.现象,特殊的人,特殊的事物,奇迹
    参考例句:
    • Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. 贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
    • How do you explain this phenomenon? 这种现象怎样解释?
    7 essentially [ɪˈsenʃəli] nntxw   第8级
    adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
    参考例句:
    • Really great men are essentially modest. 真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
    • She is an essentially selfish person. 她本质上是个自私自利的人。
    8 munching [mʌntʃɪŋ] 3bbbb661207569e6c6cb6a1390d74d06   第11级
    v.用力咀嚼(某物),大嚼( munch的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • He was munching an apple. 他在津津有味地嚼着苹果。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Munching the apple as he was, he had an eye for all her movements. 他虽然啃着苹果,但却很留神地监视着她的每一个动作。 来自辞典例句
    9 ecosystem [ˈi:kəʊsɪstəm] Wq4xz   第8级
    n.生态系统
    参考例句:
    • This destroyed the ecosystem of the island. 这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
    • We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. 维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。
    10 ecological [ˌi:kəˈlɒdʒɪkl] IrRxX   第8级
    adj.生态的,生态学的
    参考例句:
    • The region has been declared an ecological disaster zone. 这个地区已经宣布为生态灾难区。
    • Each animal has its ecological niche. 每种动物都有自己的生态位.
    11 fertilizes [ˈfɜ:tlˌaɪziz] ccea33d1688a9cd447a762d7b86f4192   第8级
    n.施肥( fertilize的名词复数 )v.施肥( fertilize的第三人称单数 )
    参考例句:
    • The male sperm fertilizes the female egg. 雄性的精子使雌性的卵子受精。 来自辞典例句
    • When the male reproductive cell fertilizes the female reproductive cell a zygote is formed. 当男性生殖细胞与女性生殖细胞发生受精时,就形成了一个合子。 来自辞典例句
    12 ecosystems [ˈekəʊˌsɪstəmz] 94cb0e40a815bea1157ac8aab9a5380d   第8级
    n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样,从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
    13 overlap [ˌəʊvəˈlæp] tKixw   第7级
    vt.重叠,与…交叠;vi.部分重叠;部分的同时发生;n.重叠
    参考例句:
    • The overlap between the jacket and the trousers is not good. 夹克和裤子重叠的部分不好看。
    • Tiles overlap each other. 屋瓦相互叠盖。
    14 proceedings [prə'si:diŋz] Wk2zvX   第7级
    n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
    参考例句:
    • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
    • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

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