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站着办公可能让你更聪明
添加时间:2018-06-22 09:05:11 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • 据说坐的时间越长,臀部越大,腿越粗,爱美的女生们你们还敢坐着看书工作么?

    This is an odd admission for a psychiatrist1 to make, but I’ve never been very good at sitting still. I’m antsy in my chair and jump at any opportunity to escape it. When I’m trying to work out a difficult problem, I often stand and move about the office.

    一个精神科医生说这个显得挺奇怪的,但我从不擅长于安稳坐着。在椅子上的我总是坐立不安,能逃则逃。当我想解决一个困难的问题时,我通常会站起来,在办公室里走动。

    We’ve known for a while that sitting for long stretches of every day has myriad2 health consequences, like a higher risk of heart disease and diabetes3, that culminate4 in a higher mortality rate. But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain. And it might be the case that lots of exercise is not enough to save you if you’re a couch potato the rest of the time.

    我们早就知道,每天长时间地坐着对健康会有许多影响,比如,心脏病和糖尿病的风险会更高,最终导致更高的死亡率。但现在,一项新研究证明了坐姿对你的大脑也有害。如果你的其余时间都坐在沙发上,那么可能大量的运动也不足以拯救你。

    A study published last week, conducted by Dr. Prabha Siddarth at the University of California at Los Angeles, showed that sedentary behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe5, which contains the hippocampus, a brain region that is critical to learning and memory.

    加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California at Los Angeles)的普拉巴.希达斯(Prabha Siddarth)博士进行的一项研究表明,久坐行为与大脑内颞叶的厚度减少有关,大脑内颞叶中含有的海马体是学习和记忆的关键区域。该研究于上周发表。

    The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people, ages 45 to 70, about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains with M.R.I. They found that the thickness of their medial temporal lobe was inversely6 correlated with how sedentary they were; the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes7.

    研究人员向35名年龄在45到70岁之间的健康人士询问了他们的活动水平和每天坐着的平均小时数,然后使用MRI对他们的大脑进行了扫描。研究人员发现,他们大脑内颞叶的厚度与他们久坐的程度负相关;报告自己坐着的时间较长的研究对象大脑内颞叶最薄。

    The implication is that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible impairment in learning and memory.

    这意味着,你在椅子上坐的时间越久,就越不利于你的大脑健康,可能会导致学习和记忆受损。

    Of course, the study cannot prove that this link is causal. It’s possible that people with pre-existing cognitive8 problems might just be more sedentary. Still, the researchers screened the subjects to rule out major medical and psychiatric disorders9, so this explanation is unlikely.

    当然,这项研究不能证明这种联系的因果性。前期存在认知问题的人也有可能会坐得更久。但研究人员对受试者进行了筛选,排除了重大医疗和精神疾病,因此这种解释的可能性不大。

    What’s also intriguing10 is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain region, suggesting that exercise, even strenuous11 exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.

    同样有趣的是,这项研究并没有在体育活动水平和大脑这块区域的厚度之间发现显著的相关性,这就表明,运动--甚至是剧烈运动--可能不足以使你免受久坐的危害。

    This all puts me in mind of the Peripatetics, followers12 of Aristotle, who conducted their philosophical13 inquiries14 while strolling about the Lyceum in ancient Athens. Sounds as if they were on to something.

    这一切都让我想起了逍遥学派--这是追随亚里士多德的学派,他们会一边进行哲学探讨,一边在古希腊的莱森学园(Lyceum)中漫步。听起来他们这样好像有点道理。

    But what is it about walking - besides increased blood flow to the brain - that might facilitate thinking? Perhaps it’s the fact that you are constantly bombarded by new stimuli15 and inputs16 as you move about, which helps derail linear thinking and encourages a more associative, unfocused thought process.

    但是除了增进了血液向大脑的流动,是什么让步行促进了思考?或许是因为当你在四处走动时,你会不断地接收新的刺激和输入,帮助你脱离了线性思维,并助长了更富有联想的、分散的思维过程。

    I remember once forgetting the combination to my lock in the gym. Standing17 there naked, dripping wet and in a panic that I would be late to an important meeting, I tried one wrong combination after another. When that didn’t work, I walked around the locker room in a daze18 for a few minutes, came back to the lock and - voila - opened it instantly.

    记得有一次,我忘了健身房储物柜的密码。我赤身裸体站在那里大汗淋漓,担心自己会赶不上一个重要会议,不禁惊恐万分。我试了一个又一个错误的密码,全都失败了。我不知所措地在更衣室里转了几分钟,然后回到储物柜--哇--一下就打开了。

    Intriguingly19, you don’t even have to move much to enhance cognition; just standing will do the trick. For example, two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing. The test - called Stroop - measures selective attention. Participants are presented with conflicting stimuli, like the word “green” printed in blue ink, and asked to name the color. Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 32-millisecond margin20.

    有趣的是,你甚至不需要为增强认知而做太多动作。只要站着就可以做到这一点。例如,两组受试者被要求在坐着或站立时完成测试。该测试名为Stroop,是用来测试选择性注意力的。参与者看到相互冲突的刺激物,比如用蓝色墨水印出的“绿色”字样,并被要求说出这种颜色的名称。站着思考的受试者比坐着的受试者快32毫秒。

    The cognitive benefits of strenuous physical exercise are well known. But the possibility that the minimal21 exertion22 of standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the bar for everyone.

    剧烈运动对认知的益处是众所周知的。但是,尽量多站少坐,这样的微小努力也可以改善大脑健康,这种可能性可以帮助所有人降低锻炼标准。

    It’s also yet another good argument for getting rid of sitting desks in favor of standing desks for most people. For example, one study assigned a group of 34 high school freshman23 to a standing desk for 27 weeks. The researchers found significant improvement in executive function and working memory by the end of the study. (True, there was no control group of students using a seated desk, but it’s unlikely that this change was a result of brain maturation, given the short study period.)

    这也是大多数人摆脱坐式办公桌,转向立式办公桌的又一个好理由。例如,一项研究让34名高一学生使用站立式书桌学习27周。研究结束时,研究人员发现他们的执行功能和工作记忆得到显著改善。(研究中的确没有使用坐式书桌的对照组,但考虑到研究时间较短,这种改变不太可能是大脑发育成熟的结果。)

    I know, this all runs counter to received notions about deep thought, from our grade-school teachers, who told us to sit down and focus, to Rodin’s famous “Thinker,” seated with chin on hand.

    我知道,这与我们从小学老师那里得到的关于深思的想法背道而驰,他们让我们坐下来,专心致志,一手托腮,就像罗丹著名的雕塑《思考者》那样。

    They were wrong. You can now all stand up.

    他们错了。现在你可以站起来了。

     11级    双语 


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    1 psychiatrist [saɪˈkaɪətrɪst] F0qzf   第9级
    n.精神病专家;精神病医师
    参考例句:
    • He went to a psychiatrist about his compulsive gambling. 他去看精神科医生治疗不能自拔的赌瘾。
    • The psychiatrist corrected him gently. 精神病医师彬彬有礼地纠正他。
    2 myriad [ˈmɪriəd] M67zU   第9级
    adj.无数的;n.无数,极大数量
    参考例句:
    • They offered no solution for all our myriad problems. 对于我们数不清的问题他们束手无策。
    • I had three weeks to make a myriad of arrangements. 我花了三个星期做大量准备工作。
    3 diabetes [ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z] uPnzu   第9级
    n.糖尿病
    参考例句:
    • In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar. 对于糖尿病患者,医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
    • Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body. 糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。
    4 culminate [ˈkʌlmɪneɪt] Zyixr   第9级
    vi.到绝顶,达于极点,达到高潮;vt.使结束;使达到高潮
    参考例句:
    • The celebration of the centenary will culminate with a dinner. 百年庆典活动将以宴会作为高潮。
    • Everyone feared that the boundary dispute between these two countries would culminate in a war. 人人都担心,这两国间的边境争端将以一场战争到达顶点。
    5 lobe [ləʊb] r8azn   第10级
    n.耳垂,(肺,肝等的)叶
    参考例句:
    • Tiny electrical sensors are placed on your scalp and on each ear lobe. 小电器传感器放置在您的头皮和对每个耳垂。
    • The frontal lobe of the brain is responsible for controlling movement. 大脑前叶的功能是控制行动。
    6 inversely [ˌɪn'vɜ:slɪ] t4Sx6   第7级
    adj.相反的
    参考例句:
    • Pressure varies directly with temperature and inversely with volume. 压力随温度成正比例变化,与容积成反比例变化。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • The amount of force needed is inversely proportional to the rigidity of the material. 需要的力度与材料的硬度成反比。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    7 lobes [ləʊbz] fe8c3178c8180f03dd0fc8ae16f13e3c   第10级
    n.耳垂( lobe的名词复数 );(器官的)叶;肺叶;脑叶
    参考例句:
    • The rotor has recesses in its three faces between the lobes. 转子在其凸角之间的三个面上有凹槽。 来自辞典例句
    • The chalazal parts of the endosperm containing free nuclei forms several lobes. 包含游离核的合点端胚乳部分形成几个裂片。 来自辞典例句
    8 cognitive [ˈkɒgnətɪv] Uqwz0   第7级
    adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
    参考例句:
    • As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper. 孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
    • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works. 认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
    9 disorders [disˈɔ:dəz] 6e49dcafe3638183c823d3aa5b12b010   第7级
    n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 );凌乱;骚乱;(身心、机能)失调
    参考例句:
    • Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告,厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    10 intriguing [ɪnˈtri:gɪŋ] vqyzM1   第7级
    adj.有趣的;迷人的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的现在分词);激起…的好奇心
    参考例句:
    • These discoveries raise intriguing questions. 这些发现带来了非常有趣的问题。
    • It all sounds very intriguing. 这些听起来都很有趣。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    11 strenuous [ˈstrenjuəs] 8GvzN   第7级
    adj.奋发的,使劲的;紧张的;热烈的,狂热的
    参考例句:
    • He made strenuous efforts to improve his reading. 他奋发努力提高阅读能力。
    • You may run yourself down in this strenuous week. 你可能会在这紧张的一周透支掉自己。
    12 followers ['fɔ:ləʊəz] 5c342ee9ce1bf07932a1f66af2be7652   第7级
    追随者( follower的名词复数 ); 用户; 契据的附面; 从动件
    参考例句:
    • the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
    • The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。
    13 philosophical [ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl] rN5xh   第8级
    adj.哲学家的,哲学上的,达观的
    参考例句:
    • The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem. 老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
    • She is very philosophical about her bad luck. 她对自己的不幸看得很开。
    14 inquiries [inˈkwaiəriz] 86a54c7f2b27c02acf9fcb16a31c4b57   第7级
    n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 );疑问;探究;打听
    参考例句:
    • He was released on bail pending further inquiries. 他获得保释,等候进一步调查。
    • I have failed to reach them by postal inquiries. 我未能通过邮政查询与他们取得联系。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    15 stimuli [ˈstɪmjəlaɪ] luBwM   第11级
    n.刺激(物)
    参考例句:
    • It is necessary to curtail or alter normally coexisting stimuli. 必需消除或改变正常时并存的刺激。
    • My sweat glands also respond to emotional stimuli. 我的汗腺对情绪刺激也能产生反应。
    16 inputs ['ɪnpʊts] a8aff967e1649a1c82ea607c881e8091   第7级
    n.输入( input的名词复数 );投入;输入端;输入的数据v.把…输入电脑( input的第三人称单数 )
    参考例句:
    • Uncheck the inputs checked for optimization in the previous stage. 不测试那些已经测试过的优化了的以前步骤的inputs.(变量参数)。 来自互联网
    • Just in case, save in a file the inputs obtained at the previous stage. 以防万一,保存以前步骤获得的inputs(变量参数值)到一个文件中去。 来自互联网
    17 standing [ˈstændɪŋ] 2hCzgo   第8级
    n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
    参考例句:
    • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing. 地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
    • They're standing out against any change in the law. 他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
    18 daze [deɪz] vnyzH   第10级
    vt.(使)茫然,(使)发昏
    参考例句:
    • The blow on the head dazed him for a moment. 他头上受了一击后就昏眩了片刻。
    • I like dazing to sit in the cafe by myself on Sunday. 星期日爱独坐人少的咖啡室发呆。
    19 intriguingly [] bad4b759a0f1d6431273da89bebb4008   第7级
    参考例句:
    • Intriguingly, she gave to the music a developed although oddly malleable personality. 最神奇的是,她的音乐具有成熟却又很奇怪地极富可塑性。 来自互联网
    • Intriguingly, the patients brains were riddled with tangles, but not amyloid plaques. 有趣的是,患者的大脑中充满了各缠结,但并没有粉斑。 来自互联网
    20 margin [ˈmɑ:dʒɪn] 67Mzp   第7级
    n.页边空白;差额;余地,余裕;边,边缘
    参考例句:
    • We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train. 我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
    • The village is situated at the margin of a forest. 村子位于森林的边缘。
    21 minimal [ˈmɪnɪməl] ODjx6   第7级
    adj.尽可能少的,最小的
    参考例句:
    • They referred to this kind of art as minimal art. 他们把这种艺术叫微型艺术。
    • I stayed with friends, so my expenses were minimal. 我住在朋友家,所以我的花费很小。
    22 exertion [ɪgˈzɜ:ʃn] F7Fyi   第11级
    n.尽力,努力
    参考例句:
    • We were sweating profusely from the exertion of moving the furniture. 我们搬动家具大费气力,累得大汗淋漓。
    • She was hot and breathless from the exertion of cycling uphill. 由于用力骑车爬坡,她浑身发热。
    23 freshman [ˈfreʃmən] 1siz9r   第7级
    n.大学一年级学生(可兼指男女),新手
    参考例句:
    • Jack decided to live in during his freshman year at college. 杰克决定大一时住校。
    • He is a freshman in the show business. 他在演艺界是一名新手。

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