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特斯拉超级工厂落户上海
添加时间:2018-07-23 08:50:05 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Working night shifts can mess up the body's natural rhythms so much that the brain and digestive system end up completely out of kilter with one another, scientists say.

    科学家们声称,上夜班可能会干扰身体的自然节律,从而导致大脑和消化系统变得完全格格不入。

    Three night shifts in a row had little impact on the body's master clock in the brain, researchers found, but it played havoc1 with gut2 function, throwing the natural cycle out by a full 12 hours.

    研究人员发现,连续三个夜班对大脑中的身体主时钟没有多少影响,但它对肠胃功能造成了巨大破坏,让有关的自然周期出现了整整12小时的偏差。

    The finding highlights the dramatic impact that night shifts can have on the different clocks that govern the natural rhythms of organs and systems throughout the human body.

    这些发现凸显了夜班对自然节律(负责管理人体各个器官与系统)的不同生物钟的巨大影响。

    Internal disagreements over night and day may explain why people on night shifts, and those with jet lag, can suffer stomach pains and other gut problems, which clear up once their body has had time to adjust.

    人体内部有关白天与黑夜的不一致性,或许可以解释为什么上夜班和倒时差的人可能出现胃痛或其他肠胃问题。一旦他们的身体有时间进行调整,这些症状就会消失。

    "One of the first symptoms people experience when traveling across time zones is gastrointestinal discomfort3 and that's because you knock their gut out of sync from their central biological clock," said Hans Van Dongen, director of the Sleep and Performance Research Center at Washington State University.

    美国华盛顿州立大学睡眠与体能研究中心主任汉斯·范东恩表示:“进行跨时区旅行时,人们最先出现的症状之一是胃肠不适。这是因为,此时胃肠的生物钟同人体中央生物钟之间的同步性被打乱了。”

    For the study, Van Dongen invited 14 healthy volunteers aged 22 to 34 into his sleep lab and split them into two groups. The first spent three days on a simulated day shift and could sleep from 10pm to 6am each night. Those in the second group stayed awake for three nights in a row and were only allowed to sleep from 10am to 6pm.

    为了进行这项研究,范东恩邀请了14名健康的志愿者(年龄在22-34岁之间)进入他的实验室,并把他们分成两组。第一组模拟上三天白班的情形。这组志愿者可以在晚上10点到次日早上6点睡觉。第二组志愿者则连续3个夜晚保持清醒,他们只能在上午10点到下午6点睡觉。

    Over the next 24 hours, scientists took the volunteers' blood every three hours and sent the samples to the University of Surrey for analysis.

    在接下来的24小时中,科学家每3小时采集一次志愿者的血样,并将这些血样送到英国萨里大学作分析。

    There, researchers measured levels of hormones4 called melatonin and cortisol, which rise and fall according to the body's master clock, along with levels of metabolites linked to digestion5.

    在萨里大学,研究人员测量了褪黑素和皮质醇的水平。这两种荷尔蒙会根据身体的主时钟增加和减少。研究人员还测量了同消化有关的代谢物的水平。

    The results showed that three night shifts in a row moved the brain's master clock by about two hours on average. But the impact on the digestive system's clock was profound, with the stint6 of night shifts knocking it out by 12 hours.

    结果显示,连续3个夜班让大脑的主时钟缩短了平均大约两小时。但消化系统的生物钟受到的影响是深远的,夜班让它缩短了12小时。

    Our bodies have a central master clock in the brain that draws on changes in ambient light to control when we wake up and when we fall asleep. But many other organs in the body have their own biological clocks, including the digestive system.

    我们的大脑中有一个中央主时钟,它会根据周围光线的变化来控制人们何时醒来和入睡。不过,包括消化系统在内的身体很多其他器官有自己的生物钟。

    "When we looked at the data we saw the massive twelve hour shifts," said Van Dongen.

    范东恩说称:“当我们查看数据时,我们看到了大规模的12小时的转换。”

    The night shifts also disrupted the rhythms of two metabolites linked to chronic7 kidney disease.

    此外,夜班还会干扰与慢性肾病有关的两种代谢物的节律。

    Debra Skene, the first author on the study and professor of neuroendocrinology at the University of Surrey, said the findings will help scientists to learn more about the harms that shift work can cause.

    该研究的第一作者、萨里大学神经内分泌学教授德布拉·斯基恩称,这些发现将帮助科学家更多了解轮班工作可能造成的损害。

     9级    双语 
     单词标签: havoc  gut  discomfort  hormones  digestion  stint  chronic 


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    1 havoc [ˈhævək] 9eyxY   第8级
    n.大破坏,浩劫,大混乱,大杂乱
    参考例句:
    • The earthquake wreaked havoc on the city. 地震对这个城市造成了大破坏。
    • This concentration of airborne firepower wrought havoc with the enemy forces. 这次机载火力的集中攻击给敌军造成很大破坏。
    2 gut [gʌt] MezzP   第7级
    n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏
    参考例句:
    • It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing. 冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
    • My immediate gut feeling was to refuse. 我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
    3 discomfort [dɪsˈkʌmfət] cuvxN   第8级
    n.不舒服,不安,难过,困难,不方便
    参考例句:
    • One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling. 旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
    • She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke. 老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。
    4 hormones ['hɔ:məʊn] hormones   第8级
    n. 荷尔蒙,激素 名词hormone的复数形式
    参考例句:
    • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
    • The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。
    5 digestion [daɪˈdʒestʃən] il6zj   第8级
    n.消化,吸收
    参考例句:
    • This kind of tea acts as an aid to digestion. 这种茶可助消化。
    • This food is easy of digestion. 这食物容易消化。
    6 stint [stɪnt] 9GAzB   第10级
    n. 节约;定额,定量 vt. 节省;限制 vi. 紧缩,节省
    参考例句:
    • He lavished money on his children without stint. 他在孩子们身上花钱毫不吝惜。
    • We hope that you will not stint your criticism. 我们希望您不吝指教。
    7 chronic [ˈkrɒnɪk] BO9zl   第7级
    adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
    参考例句:
    • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition. 饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
    • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition. 慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

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