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当前位置:首页 -> 9级英语阅读 - > 委内瑞拉通胀危机 商店收款不是点钞而是称重
委内瑞拉通胀危机 商店收款不是点钞而是称重
添加时间:2016-11-30 17:08:18 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Inflation in Venezuela is expected to reach 720 percent this year, with the largest bolívar bill now worth just five US cents on the black market.

    委内瑞拉的通货膨胀今年预计将达到720%,在黑市上,最大面值的玻利瓦尔币现在仅值5美分。

    Some shopkeepers have reportedly taken to weighing rather than counting the wads of cash customers hand them, and standard-size wallets have become all but useless in the socialist1 South American state.

    据报道,如今正常尺寸的钱包在这个南美社会主义国家已经彻底派不上用场了,顾客付款时店主不会点钞,而是给大把大把的现金称重。

    Instead, many people stuff huge volumes of cash into handbags, money belts, or backpacks, in scenes analysts2 have said are suggestive of "runaway3" inflation.

    许多人将大量钞票塞满手袋、腰包或背包。分析人士指出,这种情形是通货膨胀失控的征兆。

    In 2014, plummeting4 global oil prices decimated Venezuela's economy.

    2014年,全球石油价格暴跌使委内瑞拉经济遭受重创。

    President Nicolás Maduro responded by fixing the official exchange rate and ordering banks to print more cash, which ultimately devalued the currency further, while goods prices soared.

    该国总统尼古拉斯.马杜罗为此固定官方汇率,命令银行印制更多钞票,而这些应对措施最终导致货币进一步贬值,商品价格飙升。

    The country of 30 million does not publish consumer-price data on a regular basis, but observers have said scenes on the streets of the capital, Caracas, are reminiscent of the past century's most chaotic5 cases of hyperinflation.

    拥有3000万人口的委内瑞拉并未定期公布消费者价格指数,但是目击者称,该国首都加拉斯加街头的场景让人联想到上世纪最混乱的恶性通胀危机。

    Humberto Gonzalez, who runs a delicatessen in the city, said he uses the same scales to weigh slices of salty white cheese and the stacks of bolívar notes handed over by his customers.

    温贝托.冈萨雷斯在加拉斯加经营一家熟食店,他说自己用称咸味儿白奶酪的称去计算顾客给他的成堆的玻利瓦尔币。

    "It’s sad," Mr Gonzalez told Bloomberg. "At this point, I think the cheese is worth more."

    可悲的是,我认为奶酪更值钱, 冈萨雷斯对彭博社表示。

    Jesus Casique, a consulting firm director, told the news site that although weighing cash was not ubiquitious, it was indicative of a financial crisis.

    杰西.克拉斯科是一家咨询公司的主管,他对彭博社表示,虽然给现金称重的景象并非随处可见,但这也是金融危机的预兆。

    "When they start weighing cash, it’s a sign of runaway inflation," he said.

    他说,人们开始给现金称重,就是通货膨胀失控的标志,

    "But Venezuelans don’t know just how bad it is because the government refuses to publish figures."

    但委内瑞拉人不知道情况有多糟,因为政府拒绝公布通胀数据。

    Oil makes up a staggering 95 percent of Venezuela's exports, and accounts for a quarter of the country's economy, with oil-related revenues having historically supplied roughly half the government budget.

    石油出口在委内瑞拉的出口总额中占比高达95%,占该国经济总额的1/4。数据显示,委内瑞拉约一半的财政预算来源于与石油有关的税收。

    This kind of over-reliance on a single export notoriously depresses all other industries in a country, in a phenomenon6 known by economists7 as "Dutch Disease".

    众所周知,这种过分依赖单一产品出口的经济模式会遏制该国其他行业的发展,经济学家将这种现象称为荷兰病。

    When the price of oil on the global market collapsed9 by two-thirds in 2014, Venezuela had little else to fall back on, so a natural reaction would have been for the bolívar to collapse8.

    2014年,全球市场石油价格暴跌2/3,这让委内瑞拉的经济失去了依靠,玻利瓦尔币自然会因此贬值。

    But Mr Maduro, who succeeded Hugo Chávez following the revolutionary leader's death in 2013, instead tried to control the exchange rate, creating a massive black market for currency.

    但革命领袖雨果.查维斯2013年去世后,接任总统的马杜罗没有采取控制货币汇率的措施,反而成就了一个巨大的货币黑市。

    Figuring out scams to get dollars and then sell them for bolívars became hugely lucrative10 business for Venezuelans, setting off a feedback loop that drove the inflation rate higher and higher.

    对于委内瑞拉人来说,设局套取美金,然后将其兑换成玻利瓦尔币成了非常有利可图的生意。这个恶性循环让通货膨胀率越来越高。

    In one of Caracas richer neighbourhoods, the owner of a tiny kiosk selling newspapers, cigarettes and snacks told the Washington Post that every evening he quietly stuffs a plastic bag full of the day’s earnings11, around 100,000 bolívars (about £42) in notes of 10, 20, 50 and 100 bolívars.

    在首都加拉加斯一处富人区有一家贩卖报纸、香烟和零食的报亭,报亭老板告诉《华盛顿邮报》,每晚他都要把一天的收入悄悄塞进一个塑料袋,每天收入约为10万玻利瓦尔币(约42英镑),货币面值为10、20、50和100玻利瓦尔。

    Venezuela has one of the highest crime rates in the world, and he said carrying that much cash frightens him.

    今年42岁的报亭老板表示,委内瑞拉是全球犯罪率最高的国家之一,带着这么多现金让他很害怕。

    "All of Caracas is unsafe," the 42-year-old told the newspaper, opting12 not to give his name.

    这位不愿透露姓名的男子告诉记者,整个加拉加斯都不安全。

    His best-selling item is cigarettes, he said, which have climbed in price from 250 bolívars to 2,000 bolívars a pack — at least 20 bills.

    他说,销量最好的是香烟,其售价已经从250玻利瓦尔币涨到2000玻利瓦尔币一包——这至少要二十张钞票。

    The shrinking value of the currency has meant that withdrawing the equivalent of £5 from an ATM produces a fistful of more than 100 bills.

    货币缩水意味着从自动取款机取出100多张钞票才相当于5英镑。

    Some ATMs now need to be refilled every three hours, because the machines can only hold so much cash.

    由于自动取款机装不下太多现金,有些机器现在每3小时就要续款。

    This means there are often a limited number of functioning ATMs in Caracas, and long queues to withdraw money.

    这意味着加拉加斯经常只有少数自动取款机正常工作,而为了取钱人们总是排着长队。

    "Electronic payment is increasingly common in the country," Henkel Garcia, director of the Venezuelan economic think tank Econométrica, told the Washington Post.

    委内瑞拉经济智库Econométrica的负责人汉高.加西亚对《华盛顿邮报》表示,

    "The use of online payments is likely to have soared," he said.

    电子支付在委内瑞拉越来越普遍,在线支付的使用量很可能飙升。

    But it is expensive for small businesses to buy and set up credit-card machines.

    但是对于小企业来说,购买和安装信用卡机器的开销太大。

    Mr Maduro, who has largely continued the socialist policies of his predecessor13, blamed the situation on an "economic war" waged by his opponents in the business community and in the United States.

    马杜罗在很大程度上延续了其前任的社会主义政策,他将如今的状况归咎于美国和其商界对手发动的经济战。

    But, in a sign his government recognises the severity of the problem,

    但他近日宣布预计于明年1月发行更大面额的货币。

    he recently announced the issue of larger-denomination bills, expected in January.

    这一迹象表明马杜罗政府已经认识到问题的严重性。

    The notes are reportedly set to start at 500 bolivars and reach 20,000 bolivars.

    据报道,新货币的面值在500到20000玻利瓦尔币之间。

    Until the notes are issued, however, the Venezuelan people are poorer than ever, while the country is awash with cash.

    等到货币发行后,委内瑞拉便拥有足够现金,但该国人民只会更加贫穷。

    Bremmer Rodrigues, who runs a bakery on the outskirts14 of Caracas, said his family are at a loss over what to do with their bags of bills.

    布雷默.罗德里格斯在加拉加斯郊区经营着一家面包店,他表示,成包的钞票让他们一家感到无所适从。

    Every day his business takes in hundreds of thousands of bolívar, he said, which he hides around his office until packing them up in boxes to deposit at the bank.

    罗德里格斯每天的生意收入有数十万玻利瓦尔币,他先把这些钱藏在办公室附近,之后再打包装箱存入银行。

    He said if someone looked in on him, he might be mistaken for a drug dealer15.

    罗德里格斯说,如果有人看见他,可能会误以为他是毒品贩子。

    "I feel like Pablo Escobar," the 25-year-old told Bloomberg.

    他告诉彭博社,我感觉自己就像巴勃罗.埃斯科巴(注:哥伦比亚毒枭),

    "It’s a mountain of cash, every day more and more."

    钱堆得跟山一样,每天越来越多。

     9级    双语 


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    1 socialist [ˈsəʊʃəlɪst] jwcws   第7级
    n.社会主义者;adj.社会主义的
    参考例句:
    • China is a socialist country, and a developing country as well. 中国是一个社会主义国家,也是一个发展中国家。
    • His father was an ardent socialist. 他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。
    2 analysts ['ænəlɪsts] 167ff30c5034ca70abe2d60a6e760448   第9级
    分析家,化验员( analyst的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
    • I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。
    3 runaway [ˈrʌnəweɪ] jD4y5   第8级
    n.逃走的人,逃亡,亡命者;adj.逃亡的,逃走的
    参考例句:
    • The police have not found the runaway to date. 警察迄今没抓到逃犯。
    • He was praised for bringing up the runaway horse. 他勒住了脱缰之马受到了表扬。
    4 plummeting [ˈplʌmɪtɪŋ] a560b06f9b99975167411b72966f5588   第9级
    v.垂直落下,骤然跌落( plummet的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • Prices are rising, falling, going up, going down, shooting up, plummeting, etc. 物价在上涨、下跌、上升、下落、猛然上涨、骤然下跌等。 来自辞典例句
    • The enemy plane went plummeting into the sea. 敌机直直掉进海里。 来自辞典例句
    5 chaotic [keɪˈɒtɪk] rUTyD   第7级
    adj.混沌的,一片混乱的,一团糟的
    参考例句:
    • Things have been getting chaotic in the office recently. 最近办公室的情况越来越乱了。
    • The traffic in the city was chaotic. 这城市的交通糟透了。
    6 phenomenon [fəˈnɒmɪnən] DNQxo   第8级
    n.现象,特殊的人,特殊的事物,奇迹
    参考例句:
    • Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. 贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
    • How do you explain this phenomenon? 这种现象怎样解释?
    7 economists [ɪ'kɒnəmɪsts] 2ba0a36f92d9c37ef31cc751bca1a748   第8级
    n.经济学家,经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
    • Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    8 collapse [kəˈlæps] aWvyE   第7级
    vi.累倒;昏倒;倒塌;塌陷
    参考例句:
    • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse. 国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
    • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse. 工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。
    9 collapsed [kə'læpzd] cwWzSG   第7级
    adj.倒塌的
    参考例句:
    • Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
    • The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。
    10 lucrative [ˈlu:krətɪv] dADxp   第7级
    adj.赚钱的,可获利的
    参考例句:
    • He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline. 他决定把自己的爱好变成赚钱的副业。
    • It was not a lucrative profession. 那是一个没有多少油水的职业。
    11 earnings [ˈɜ:nɪŋz] rrWxJ   第7级
    n.工资收人;利润,利益,所得
    参考例句:
    • That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter. 那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
    • Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings. 去年他的收入减少了20%。
    12 opting [ɔptɪŋ] e6a09ce5b5c8079c1654586c4e1dc5b3   第7级
    v.选择,挑选( opt的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • What courses are most students opting for? 多数学生选什么课程? 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Wells doesn't rule out opting out and then re-signing with Houston. 威尔斯没有排除跳出合同再与火箭重签的可能。 来自互联网
    13 predecessor [ˈpri:dɪsesə(r)] qP9x0   第8级
    n.前辈,前任
    参考例句:
    • It will share the fate of its predecessor. 它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
    • The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor. 新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。
    14 outskirts [ˈaʊtskɜ:ts] gmDz7W   第7级
    n.郊外,郊区
    参考例句:
    • Our car broke down on the outskirts of the city. 我们的汽车在市郊出了故障。
    • They mostly live on the outskirts of a town. 他们大多住在近郊。
    15 dealer [ˈdi:lə(r)] GyNxT   第7级
    n.商人,贩子
    参考例句:
    • The dealer spent hours bargaining for the painting. 那个商人为购买那幅画花了几个小时讨价还价。
    • The dealer reduced the price for cash down. 这家商店对付现金的人减价优惠。

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