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来自好莱坞的讯息:拥抱过去 塑造城市未来
添加时间:2018-07-20 16:36:46 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • 今年5月早些时候,一年一度的米尔肯研究院全球会议在美国洛杉矶召开,中美两国商务人士与近4000名来自政府、商业、慈善和公民社会领域的领袖一道出席了会议。今年米尔肯会议的主题是“应对变化中的世界”。

    Earlier this May, Chinese and U.S. business executives were among some 4,000 leaders from government, business, philanthropy, and civil society at the annual Milken Institute Global Conference in Los Angeles. This year's theme was “navigating1 a world in transition.”

    的确,来自亚太地区的与会人数创了新高,他们中的很多人都切身明白,随着世界从农村向城镇转型,快速增长的大都会地区面临着诸多挑战。联合国国际移民组织总干事威廉·斯温在2017年10月指出,居住在城市的人口数量历史上首次超过了农村地区人口。

    Indeed, many of the participants attending from the Asia-Pacific region know first-hand the challenges facing rapidly growing metropolitan2 areas as the world transitions from rural to urban. For the first time in history, noted3 UN Migration4 Director General William Lacy Swing in October 2017, more people live in cities than rural areas.

    但有趣的是,好莱坞——距离米尔肯会议现场仅数英里之遥——推出了一部大片,这部影片或许在无意之中给中国的城市领导者们提供了一个讯息。

    But intriguingly5, from Hollywood — just a few miles from the conference site — came a blockbuster film that might also offer up an unintentional message for China's urban leaders.

    漫威公司2018年上半年推出热门电影《黑豹》。自从发行以来,这部电影收获了超过13亿美元票房,包括中国市场贡献的1.05亿美元和东南亚市场贡献的5000万美元。这些票房成绩令《黑豹》成为以单一超级英雄为主角的电影中票房最高的一部。

    Black Panther, Marvel6's early-2018 entry in its cinematic universe, has grossed more than $1.3 billion since its release, including $105 million in China and $50 million in Southeast Asia. Those box office numbers make Black Panther the highest-ever grossing film based on a single superhero.

    但除了为漫画英雄改编的电影设置了新标准,这部将背景设在漫威电影宇宙的影片还以其对城市生活的表现吸引了城市规划专家们的注意。事实上,中国的房地产开发商和城市规划者们应当关注一下这部电影中描绘的城市生活图景。中国的领导层也应如此,因为中国眼下正在大力推动雄安新区的发展这是一个位于日益拥堵、人口日益膨胀的首都北京西南约60英里(约100公里)的新的特别经济区。

    But more than setting a new standard for comic-book inspired projects, the film, set in the Marvel Universe, has caught the attention of urbanists in its presentation of city life. Indeed, China's property developers and urban planners should take note of how urban life in the film is depicted7. That includes China's leadership as the nation moves forward with development of the Xiong'an New Area – a new special economic zone about 60 miles southwest of the increasingly congested and crowded capital city of Beijing.

    2017年4月1日,中国国家主席习近平将位于河北省的三个县指定为“雄安新区”。“雄安”这一名称的汉语单词由中文“雄伟”的“雄”和“平安”的“安”组成。雄安新区被称作以注重环保和建设“智能城市”为重心的高质量发展新模板。

    On April 1, 2017, Chinese President Xi Jinping designated three counties in Hebei Province as the "Xiong'an New Area.” The characters for Xiong'an are a combination of the Chinese characters for "brave" and "peace." The Xiong'an New Area has been described as a possible new template for high-quality development with a focus on the environment and building a "smart city."

    如果一切进展顺利,雄安新区或许可以从《黑豹》如何定义“智能城市”中汲取经验。这种“智能城市”不仅科技发达,同时也是充满活力的城市地区,能从中国丰富的文化遗产、传统和社区意识中汲取养分。

    If all goes well, Xiong'an might also take a lesson from Black Panther in defining a "smart city" as one that is not only technologically8 advanced but also a vibrant9 urban area that draws from China's rich cultural heritage, traditions and sense of community.

    黑豹》电影中的很多场景都设定在瓦坎达首都比尔宁扎那。瓦坎达是一个虚拟的非洲国家,黑豹保护其免受外界影响。而黑豹的真实身份是提恰拉,一个科技发达但奉行孤立主义国家的国王。瓦坎达国的城市生活令人惊异之处就在于,它与我们过往在电影中经常见到的、充满现代感的城市不同,也与我们旅行时经过的那些快速发展的亚洲城市不同。

    A good part of the film Black Panther takes place in Birnin Zana, the capital of Wakanda, a fictional10 African nation protected from outside influences by the Black Panther, whose real identity is T'Challa, the king of the technologically advanced, but isolationist country. What is striking about Wakandan city-life is how different it is from what we have become accustomed to seeing in movies offering a view of modernity, as well as in our own travels through the rapidly growing urban areas of much of Asia.

    马克·马尔金在《建筑文摘》中写道,与我们期待在未来城市看到的无处不在的不锈钢玻璃高塔和失去生机的街头生活不同,电影为我们呈现出了一幅充满非洲质感、设计和颜色的丰富多彩的城市图景,这种城市围绕人与人之间的互动而存在。

    Architectural Digest's Marc Malkin writes that rather than seeing the ubiquitous glass-and-steel towers and sterile11 street life that we have come to expect in the cities of tomorrow, we are shown in the film a colorful cityscape infused with African textures12, designs, and colors, organized to emphasize human interaction.

    这一元素为这个虚拟的非洲之都营造出一份独特、难忘的“氛围”——在那里摩天大厦矗立于活力四射的社区。

    All this contributes to the fictional capital's unique, memorable13 “vibe” – one where skyscrapers14 rise from vibrant communities below.

    但遗憾的是,亚洲很多城市都不具备这种特质,包括中国的部分城市在内。

    Sadly, the same cannot be always said about many of Asia's cities, including parts of China.

    本来出于善意将商业区域与住宅区域分割开来的区划规则,或许会降低一个城市的活力,正如我们在美国看到的那样。同时,当穿行在亚洲的超大都市时,我们可以清楚地看到城镇化的规模与方向通常导致宜居度被削弱。而那些有能力善用城市提供的种种机会与便利度,与那些无法利用这些机会的人们之间,他们的不平等也在日益加剧。

    Well-intentioned zoning rules separating commercial and residential15 districts may well reduce a city's vibrancy16, as we have seen in the United States. And, what is clear in a journey through Asia's megacities is that the scale and direction of urbanization has led too often to reduced livability and burgeoning17 inequality between those who can and those who cannot afford the best that a city has to offer.

    随着更多的人们从农村涌向城市,以及区域之间不平等的加剧,这种挑战只会变得越来越严峻。根据乐施会(Oxfam)最新发布的不平等报告,亚洲是眼下全球贫富差距最大的地区之一。

    This challenge is likely to only grow, as more people move from rural to urban areas and inequality increases across the region. Asia's wealth gap is now among the largest in the world. That's according to Oxfam's latest report on inequality, “An Economy for the 99%.”

    联合国经济和社会事务部在最新发布的年度《世界城镇化展望报告》中预计,很多东南亚国家的城市将在2015年至2025年间经历两位数的人口增长。印度尼西亚雅加达的人口预计将增长22%,从1030万增至1260万。菲律宾马尼拉的人口预计将增长17.4%,从1290万增至1520万。泰国曼谷的人口预计增长11.2%,从930万增至1100万。

    A recent United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs' annual World Urbanization Prospects18 report projects that many of Southeast Asia's cities will experience double-digit growth between 2015 and 2025. Jakarta, Indonesia is expected to grow 22%, from 10.3 to 12.6 million. Manila, in the Philippines, is projected to grow 17.4%, from 12.9 to 15.2 million people; and Bangkok, Thailand, 11.2%, from 9.3 to 11.0 million.

    这种大规模的城镇化进程是以该地区建筑式样的丰富和文化结构的质地为代价的。随着城市规划者们寻求实现更新、更整洁同时也更无生趣的现代城市愿景,街头小贩们被迫从一些城市消失。同时,随着街头生活的消失,令这些城市充满独特韵味的曾经长期存在、充满活力的社区即便不会立即消失,也面临着生存威胁。

    This rampant19 urbanization has come at the expense of the region's architectural richness and cultural fabric20. Street vendors21 have been banished22 in parts of some cities as urban planners seek to impose a new, cleaner, but perhaps more sterile, vision of the modern city. And, as street life has disappeared, the longstanding, vibrant communities that made these cities unique have also come under threat, if not vanished.

    而代替众多城市风景的是大一统的平淡无味。这种“将店铺商场化”的进程被从一国照搬到另一国的统一超大商场充斥,这类商场在设计上通常几乎或完全不会借鉴该国本来的文化传承。哪怕是在一个拥有众多联合国世界文化遗址的地区,可悲的是这种现象也屡见不鲜。这些世界文化遗址每年吸引成千上万名游客来汲取灵感,但现在它们似乎已经被遗忘。

    What replaces many a cityscape is a generic23 blandness24. This “mallification,” punctuated25 by the existence of a generic mega mall that is transplanted from country to country, too often draws little or no design influence from a country's legacy26. This is all too sadly evident even in a region of the world that is home to many UNESCO world heritage sites. These sites draw thousands of visitor each year for inspiration, but seem to have been relegated27 to the past.

    这种过去与现在的割裂并非一开始就在亚洲存在。我们只需以柬埔寨上世纪60年代的“黄金时代”为例,当时的柬埔寨建筑师凡·莫利万(Vann Molyvann,卒于2017年)将吴哥帝国的建筑风格与现代设计元素相结合,发起了“新高棉建筑”运动。他的作品以风格和传统的融合而享誉世界。

    This harsh division of past and present has not always existed in the region. One need only to look to Cambodia's “Golden Age” of the 1960s as an example, when Cambodian architect Vann Molyvann (d. 2017) used building features of the Angkor Empire with modern design elements to help launch the “New Khmer Architecture” movement. His works were hailed for its synthesis of style and tradition.

    回顾过去,莫利万超前的设计理念放在当下也依然不失纯正的高棉风格。但可叹的是,随着中国和其他国家的投资大量涌入,推动金边快速发展并着重强调规模而非纯正风格的城镇化进程,他的很多作品都惨遭摧毁。

    By looking back, Molyvann's forward-looking designs remained authentically28 Khmer. Sadly, many of his works have succumbed29 as Chinese and other investment has contributed to Phnom Penh's breakneck development and to a vision of urbanization that seemingly emphasizes size over authenticity30.

    然而这种纯正性正是设计一座健康城市的关键元素之一。总部位于荷兰、致力于提高全球人民生活质量的智库菲利普斯健康与福祉中心正是这样认为的。与其忽视历史,城市规划者和房地产开发商们应当拥抱一座城市的传承、文化和环境,来创造一种独特的地理与身份认同感。这种独特性,这种我们此前从未见过的、其他地方绝无仅有的独特性,正是当我们看到银幕上瓦坎达活力四射街道时的反应。

    It is this authenticity, however, that is among the critical ingredients in what goes into designing a healthy city. That's according to The Philips Center for Health and Well-being31, a Netherlands-based think tank focused on improving the lives of people around the world. Rather than ignore its history, urban planners and developers should embrace a city's heritage, culture and environment to create a unique sense of place and identity. This uniqueness, of seeing something we have never seen before and that exists nowhere else, is what we also react to when we see the vibrant streets of Wakanda on screen.

    以下内容包含剧透,介意者请慎读!随着《黑豹》影片接近尾声,瓦坎达领袖提恰拉知会联合国,他决定揭示其国度真实的进步与发展状况。影片结尾,一名外国官员问道,瓦坎达能够给世界提供什么。

    Spoiler alert! As the movie Black Panther draws to a close, Wakanda's leader, T'Challa, informs the United Nations of his decision to reveal the true state of his country's advancements32 and development. The scene concludes with a foreign official responding by asking what Wakanda has to offer the world.

    这里有一个明确的回答。瓦坎达向我们展示出,对于城镇化看起来或感受起来应当是什么样子,无需存在一个默认项,也无需简单复制好莱坞的弄假成真。同时,对于那些要把雄安新区的伟大图景在未来若干年内变为现实的人们来说,《黑豹》也传递出了一个讯息。世界各地的城市,包括中国的城市在内,都将持续不断地发展,但发展的途径应是通过拥抱它们各自丰富的过往,来创造一个充满活力、风格独特、兼收并蓄的未来。

    Here is one clear answer. Wakanda shows that there need not be a default setting for what urbanization looks and feels like. This need not simply be Hollywood make-believe. And that's also a message for those turning the Xiong'an New Area master plan into reality in the years ahead. Cities everywhere, including in China, will continue to grow, but they can also do so by embracing their rich pasts while building a vibrant, unique and inclusive future.

     11级    双语 


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    1 navigating [ˈnævɪˌgeɪtɪŋ] 7b03ffaa93948a9ae00f8802b1000da5   第9级
    v.给(船舶、飞机等)引航,导航( navigate的现在分词 );(从海上、空中等)横越;横渡;飞跃
    参考例句:
    • These can also be very useful when navigating time-based documents, such as video and audio. 它对于和时间有关的文档非常有用,比如视频和音频文档。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
    • Vehicles slowed to a crawl on city roads, navigating slushy snow. 汽车在市区路上行驶缓慢,穿越泥泞的雪地。 来自互联网
    2 metropolitan [ˌmetrəˈpɒlɪtən] mCyxZ   第7级
    adj.大城市的,大都会的
    参考例句:
    • Metropolitan buildings become taller than ever. 大城市的建筑变得比以前更高。
    • Metropolitan residents are used to fast rhythm. 大都市的居民习惯于快节奏。
    3 noted [ˈnəʊtɪd] 5n4zXc   第8级
    adj.著名的,知名的
    参考例句:
    • The local hotel is noted for its good table. 当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
    • Jim is noted for arriving late for work. 吉姆上班迟到出了名。
    4 migration [maɪˈgreɪʃn] mDpxj   第8级
    n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
    参考例句:
    • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn. 燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
    • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail. 他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
    5 intriguingly [] bad4b759a0f1d6431273da89bebb4008   第7级
    参考例句:
    • Intriguingly, she gave to the music a developed although oddly malleable personality. 最神奇的是,她的音乐具有成熟却又很奇怪地极富可塑性。 来自互联网
    • Intriguingly, the patients brains were riddled with tangles, but not amyloid plaques. 有趣的是,患者的大脑中充满了各缠结,但并没有粉斑。 来自互联网
    6 marvel [ˈmɑ:vl] b2xyG   第7级
    vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异;n.令人惊异的事
    参考例句:
    • The robot is a marvel of modern engineering. 机器人是现代工程技术的奇迹。
    • The operation was a marvel of medical skill. 这次手术是医术上的一个奇迹。
    7 depicted [diˈpiktid] f657dbe7a96d326c889c083bf5fcaf24   第7级
    描绘,描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 ); 描述
    参考例句:
    • Other animals were depicted on the periphery of the group. 其他动物在群像的外围加以修饰。
    • They depicted the thrilling situation to us in great detail. 他们向我们详细地描述了那激动人心的场面。
    8 technologically [ˌteknəu'lɔdʒikəli] WqpwY   第7级
    ad.技术上地
    参考例句:
    • Shanghai is a technologically advanced city. 上海是中国的一个技术先进的城市。
    • Many senior managers are technologically illiterate. 许多高级经理都对技术知之甚少。
    9 vibrant [ˈvaɪbrənt] CL5zc   第10级
    adj.震颤的,响亮的,充满活力的,精力充沛的,(色彩)鲜明的
    参考例句:
    • He always uses vibrant colours in his paintings. 他在画中总是使用鲜明的色彩。
    • She gave a vibrant performance in the leading role in the school play. 她在学校表演中生气盎然地扮演了主角。
    10 fictional [ˈfɪkʃənl] ckEx0   第8级
    adj.小说的,虚构的
    参考例句:
    • The names of the shops are entirely fictional. 那些商店的名字完全是虚构的。
    • The two authors represent the opposite poles of fictional genius. 这两位作者代表了天才小说家两个极端。
    11 sterile [ˈsteraɪl] orNyQ   第9级
    adj.不毛的,不孕的,无菌的,枯燥的,贫瘠的
    参考例句:
    • This top fits over the bottle and keeps the teat sterile. 这个盖子严实地盖在奶瓶上,保持奶嘴无菌。
    • The farmers turned the sterile land into high fields. 农民们把不毛之地变成了高产田。
    12 textures [ˈtekstʃəz] c5e62798e528da9080811018cbb27cd3   第7级
    n.手感( texture的名词复数 );质感;口感;(音乐或文学的)谐和统一感
    参考例句:
    • I'm crazy about fabrics textures and colors and designs. 我喜欢各式各样的纺织物--对它的质地,色彩到花纹图案--简直是入了迷。 来自辞典例句
    • Let me clear up the point about the textures. 让我明确了一点有关的纹理。 来自互联网
    13 memorable [ˈmemərəbl] K2XyQ   第8级
    adj.值得回忆的,难忘的,特别的,显著的
    参考例句:
    • This was indeed the most memorable day of my life. 这的确是我一生中最值得怀念的日子。
    • The veteran soldier has fought many memorable battles. 这个老兵参加过许多难忘的战斗。
    14 skyscrapers ['skaɪˌskreɪpəz] f4158331c4e067c9706b451516137890   第7级
    n.摩天大楼
    参考例句:
    • A lot of skyscrapers in Manhattan are rising up to the skies. 曼哈顿有许多摩天大楼耸入云霄。
    • On all sides, skyscrapers rose like jagged teeth. 四周耸起的摩天大楼参差不齐。
    15 residential [ˌrezɪˈdenʃl] kkrzY3   第7级
    adj.提供住宿的;居住的;住宅的
    参考例句:
    • The mayor inspected the residential section of the city. 市长视察了该市的住宅区。
    • The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college. 住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。
    16 vibrancy ['vaɪbrənsɪ] 1h5wz   第12级
    n.活跃;震动
    参考例句:
    • I like the vibrancy of her character. 我喜欢她的活泼性格。
    • Tom felt himself being drawn towards her vibrant personality. 汤姆感觉自己被她充满朝气的个性所吸引。
    17 burgeoning ['bɜ:dʒənɪŋ] f8b25401f10e765adc759ee165d5c1c5   第9级
    adj.迅速成长的,迅速发展的v.发芽,抽枝( burgeon的现在分词 );迅速发展;发(芽),抽(枝)
    参考例句:
    • Our company's business is burgeoning now. 我们公司的业务现在发展很迅速。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • These efforts were insufficient to contain the burgeoning crisis. 这些努力不足以抑制迅速扩散的危机。 来自辞典例句
    18 prospects ['prɔspekts] fkVzpY   第7级
    n.希望,前途(恒为复数)
    参考例句:
    • There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
    • They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。
    19 rampant [ˈræmpənt] LAuzm   第9级
    adj.(植物)蔓生的;狂暴的,无约束的
    参考例句:
    • Sickness was rampant in the area. 该地区疾病蔓延。
    • You cannot allow children to be rampant through the museum. 你不能任由小孩子在博物馆里乱跑。
    20 fabric [ˈfæbrɪk] 3hezG   第7级
    n.织物,织品,布;构造,结构,组织
    参考例句:
    • The fabric will spot easily. 这种织品很容易玷污。
    • I don't like the pattern on the fabric. 我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。
    21 vendors ['vendəz] 2bc28e228525b75e14c07dbc14850c34   第7级
    n.摊贩( vendor的名词复数 );小贩;(房屋等的)卖主;卖方
    参考例句:
    • The vendors were gazundered at the last minute. 卖主在最后一刻被要求降低房价。
    • At the same time, interface standards also benefIt'software vendors. 同时,界面标准也有利于软件开发商。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
    22 banished [ˈbæniʃt] b779057f354f1ec8efd5dd1adee731df   第7级
    v.放逐,驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • He was banished to Australia, where he died five years later. 他被流放到澳大利亚,五年后在那里去世。
    • He was banished to an uninhabited island for a year. 他被放逐到一个无人居住的荒岛一年。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    23 generic [dʒəˈnerɪk] mgixr   第10级
    adj.一般的,普通的,共有的
    参考例句:
    • I usually buy generic clothes instead of name brands. 我通常买普通的衣服,不买名牌。
    • The generic woman appears to have an extraordinary faculty for swallowing the individual. 一般妇女在婚后似乎有特别突出的抑制个性的能力。
    24 blandness ['blændnəs] daf94019dba9916badfff53f8a741639   第8级
    n.温柔,爽快
    参考例句:
    • Blandness in the basic politics of the media became standard. 传播媒介在基本政治问题上通常采取温和的态度。 来自辞典例句
    • Those people who predicted an exercise in bureaucratic blandness were confounded. 那些认为这一系列政治活动将会冠冕堂皇的走过场的人是糊涂和愚蠢的。 来自互联网
    25 punctuated [ˈpʌŋktʃu:ˌeɪtid] 7bd3039c345abccc3ac40a4e434df484   第9级
    v.(在文字中)加标点符号,加标点( punctuate的过去式和过去分词 );不时打断某事物
    参考例句:
    • Her speech was punctuated by bursts of applause. 她的讲演不时被阵阵掌声打断。
    • The audience punctuated his speech by outbursts of applause. 听众不时以阵阵掌声打断他的讲话。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    26 legacy [ˈlegəsi] 59YzD   第7级
    n.遗产,遗赠;先人(或过去)留下的东西
    参考例句:
    • They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left. 它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
    • He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods. 他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。
    27 relegated [ˈreliɡeitid] 2ddd0637a40869e0401ae326c3296bc3   第10级
    v.使降级( relegate的过去式和过去分词 );使降职;转移;把…归类
    参考例句:
    • She was then relegated to the role of assistant. 随后她被降级做助手了。
    • I think that should be relegated to the garbage can of history. 我认为应该把它扔进历史的垃圾箱。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    28 authentically [ɔ'θentikəli] MOyyR   第7级
    ad.sincerely真诚地
    参考例句:
    • Gina: And we should give him something 2 authentically Taiwanese. 吉娜:而且我们应该送他有纯正台湾味的东西。
    • A loser is one who fails to correspond authentically. 失败者则指那些未能做到诚实可靠的人。
    29 succumbed [səˈkʌmd] 625a9b57aef7b895b965fdca2019ba63   第9级
    不再抵抗(诱惑、疾病、攻击等)( succumb的过去式和过去分词 ); 屈从; 被压垮; 死
    参考例句:
    • The town succumbed after a short siege. 该城被围困不久即告失守。
    • After an artillery bombardment lasting several days the town finally succumbed. 在持续炮轰数日后,该城终于屈服了。
    30 authenticity [ˌɔ:θen'tisəti] quyzq   第7级
    n.真实性
    参考例句:
    • There has been some debate over the authenticity of his will. 对于他的遗嘱的真实性一直有争论。
    • The museum is seeking an expert opinion on the authenticity of the painting. 博物馆在请专家鉴定那幅画的真伪。
    31 well-being [wel 'bi:ɪŋ] Fe3zbn   第8级
    n.安康,安乐,幸福
    参考例句:
    • He always has the well-being of the masses at heart. 他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
    • My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference. 我关心他们的幸福,却被误解为多管闲事。
    32 advancements [ædˈvænsmənts] d9d88b0aa041a51f56ca9b4113bf311c   第8级
    n.(级别的)晋升( advancement的名词复数 );前进;进展;促进
    参考例句:
    • Today, the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements. 当今, 随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    • Great advancements in drought prediction have been made in recent years. 近年来,人们对干旱灾害的预报研究取得了长足的进步。 来自互联网

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