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"鬼压床"是怎么回事?
添加时间:2020-01-15 16:19:21 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • You jerk awake in the middle of the night in confusion. Is there a figure standing1 in the corner of the room? Your brain begs your limbs to move, but nothing happens. The anxiety increases. Your eyes scan the room. Just as you're about to hit peak panic, you sit up and the figure disappears.

    半夜里你突然莫名其妙地惊醒。房间的角落似乎有个人影。你想要动动四肢,但却动弹不得。你越来越焦虑。你的眼睛扫视着房间。就在你的恐慌情绪即将达到顶峰时,你坐起来了,那个人影也消失了。

    You've just experienced sleep paralysis2, one of many "parasomnias," which is the name experts give to all sorts of weird3 things that occur during sleep.

    你刚刚经历了睡眠瘫痪,它是众多睡眠异常的一种。专家用睡眠异常来指代睡眠时发生的各种怪异事情。

    Sleep paralysis happens when the brain incapacitates the body to prevent it from acting4 out the vivid dreams occurring during REM (or, rapid eye movement) sleep. It often comes with a feeling of immobility, and a sense of choking.

    大脑为了阻止身体对异相睡眠(或快速眼动睡眠)期的生动梦境做出回应而使身体失去活动能力时,就会发生睡眠瘫痪,常常伴随着一种无法行动的感觉和一种窒息感。

    The good news is, it's absolutely normal. Even if it's terrifying.

    好消息是,睡眠瘫痪虽然很恐怖,但绝对是正常现象。

    But when sleep paralysis happens outside of deep sleep — when a person is just dozing5 off or waking up — it can be "disruptive of the architecture of sleep," said Baland Jalal, a researcher who investigates the phenomenon6. That could lead to more sleep paralysis. People with poor sleeping habits experience the phenomenon more frequently.

    但是,研究这一现象的科研人员巴拉德·贾拉尔说,当睡眠瘫痪发生在深度睡眠之外——例如当一个人只是打瞌睡或快要醒来时——它可能会“破坏睡眠结构”。这可能会引发更多次的睡眠瘫痪。睡眠习惯差的人则会更频繁地经历这种现象。

    While the mechanisms7 behind sleep paralysis remain murky8, Jalal said stress and worry play a part. Recent research indicates that people with anxiety and PTSD report experiencing sleep paralysis more frequently.

    贾拉尔说,虽然对睡眠瘫痪背后的机制依然没有头绪,但压力和担忧是导致睡眠瘫痪的原因之一。最近的研究表明,患有焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍的人会更频繁地出现睡眠瘫痪。

    "People who are anxious have much more emotional sleep. [They] are more likely to wake up during REM," said Jalal. "If you have sleep paralysis, you probably also have anxiety."“焦虑的人在睡觉时受到更多情绪影响,他们更有可能在异相睡眠期间醒来,”贾拉尔说,“如果你有睡眠瘫痪的情况,那么你也很可能感到焦虑。”

    The anxiety feeds into the sleep paralysis, said Jalal. People fret9 about experiencing the panicky feelings of sleep paralysis, which makes it more likely to occur again.

    贾拉尔说,焦虑会加剧睡眠瘫痪情况的发生。人们担心会经历睡眠瘫痪的恐慌感,这反而会使它更有可能再次发生。

    While about 6 percent of the population will experience sleep paralysis at one point in their lives, it occurs in about 30 to 50 percent of people with narcolepsy, a sleep disorder10 that includes excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations, said Dr. Nathaniel Watson, president of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and co-director of the University of Washington Medical Sleep Center.

    美国睡眠医学研究院院长、华盛顿大学医学睡眠中心联合主任纳撒尼尔·沃森博士说,虽然大约6%的人一生中会在某个时候经历睡眠瘫痪,但大约30%到50%的嗜睡症患者中会出现睡眠瘫痪。嗜睡症的症状包括白天过度困倦、昏睡、睡眠瘫痪和出现幻觉。

    Students are more likely to experience sleep paralysis with as many as 28.3 percent of students reporting it.

    报告显示,学生更有可能出现睡眠瘫痪,比例高达28.3%。

    Some people report the feeling that someone or something is trying to strangle or choke them or will see someone coming into their room and not able to move or scream, experts say. It can also happen when the person is awake, lasting11 from a few seconds to a minute or two. It's associated with hypnagogic hallucinations, which occur as a person is falling asleep.

    专家称,有些人报告说,睡眠瘫痪的感觉就像有人或者有东西在试图把他们勒死或掐死,又或者是看到有人进到了房间里,但他们却无法移动或者叫喊。睡眠瘫痪也有可能发生在人醒着的时候,过程会持续几秒到一两分钟。它与催眠幻觉有关,通常发生在人睡着的时候。

    For most people, "it is not indicative of any kind of disease," said Watson. While the experience feels frightening, the episodes last only a few seconds or minutes at most.

    沃森博士说,对于大部分人来说,“睡眠瘫痪并不意味着任何疾病”。尽管这种经历很恐怖,但是它每次只会持续几秒,最多几分钟。

    Most people slip out of it as quickly as they fell into it. A light touch from a partner can be enough to stop it, he said.

    他说,大部分人一进入睡眠瘫痪就能够抽身而出。伴侣的轻轻触碰就可以阻止睡眠瘫痪的持续。

    While not everyone who has sleep paralysis experiences hallucinations, seeing a person or a ghost in the room is the most common vision, said Jalal.

    贾拉尔说,并不是每个人都在睡眠瘫痪时出现幻象,最常见的幻象是看到房间内有人或有鬼。

    Hallucinations vary by culture — the Chinese call it "guiya" or ghost pressure because they believe a ghost sits on people's chests. In Newfoundland, it is the "old hag" because people see a witch and in Egypt people see Jinn (what Westerns call genies), which are known to hunt and sometimes kills their victims.

    这种幻觉因文化而异——中国人称之为“鬼压床”,因为他们相信鬼怪会坐在人们的胸膛上。在纽芬兰,人们称之为“老巫婆”,因为人们出现的幻觉里有一个巫婆。在埃及,人们看到的是精灵,精灵以狩猎闻名,有时会杀死他们的猎物。

    These ghostly "waking dreams” can involve serpents, spiders, intruders and even ghosts. They're often associated with feelings of dread12.

    这些幽灵般的“醒梦”内容可能涉及蛇、蜘蛛、入侵者甚至鬼魂。它们常常与恐惧感联系在一起。

    Some experts have suggested that alien abductions are really just intense bouts13 of sleep paralysis.

    一些专家指出,所谓的外星人劫持其实只是睡眠瘫痪的剧烈发作。

    "When you live in a culture where you are afraid of it, you are much more likely to be anxious [about sleep paralysis] and experience it," Jalal said.

    贾拉尔说:“当你身处在自己所惧怕的文化氛围中,你就更有可能经历睡眠瘫痪,并对其感到焦虑。”

    Sometimes an environmental reason is the cause of the spectral14 vision.

    有时,环境因素也会引发鬼怪的幻觉。

    In 2005, the Journal of Emergency Medicine reported about a 23-year-old woman who was found delirious15 and hyperventilating after seeing a "ghost".

    2005年,《急诊医学杂志》报道了一名23岁的女人,她在看到“鬼魂”后出现精神错乱和呼吸急促的症状。

    "On arrival in the ED (about 30 minutes later), the patient was still hyperventilating but was able to talk. She denied taking illicit16 drugs or alcohol but recalled seeing a ghost while taking bath," the researchers wrote.

    研究者写道:“到达急诊室时(大约30分钟后),患者仍然呼吸急促,但她能够讲话了。她否认服用违禁药物或酒精,但她回忆说洗澡时看到了鬼。”

    It was later determined17 that her new gas water heater had been improperly18 installed and her house was filled with carbon monoxide. After oxygen therapy, she made a full recovery.

    后来确定了是她的新燃气热水器安装不当,导致她的房子里充满了一氧化碳,她才会产生这种幻觉。经过氧气治疗后,她就完全康复了。

     10级    双语 


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    1 standing [ˈstændɪŋ] 2hCzgo   第8级
    n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
    参考例句:
    • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing. 地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
    • They're standing out against any change in the law. 他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
    2 paralysis [pəˈræləsɪs] pKMxY   第7级
    n.麻痹(症);瘫痪(症)
    参考例句:
    • The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty. 他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。
    • An attack of paralysis seized him. 他突然瘫痪了。
    3 weird [wɪəd] bghw8   第7级
    adj.古怪的,离奇的;怪诞的,神秘而可怕的
    参考例句:
    • From his weird behaviour, he seems a bit of an oddity. 从他不寻常的行为看来,他好像有点怪。
    • His weird clothes really gas me. 他的怪衣裳简直笑死人。
    4 acting [ˈæktɪŋ] czRzoc   第7级
    n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
    参考例句:
    • Ignore her, she's just acting. 别理她,她只是假装的。
    • During the seventies, her acting career was in eclipse. 在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
    5 dozing [dəuzɪŋ] dozing   第8级
    v.打瞌睡,假寐 n.瞌睡
    参考例句:
    • The economy shows no signs of faltering. 经济没有衰退的迹象。
    • He never falters in his determination. 他的决心从不动摇。
    6 phenomenon [fəˈnɒmɪnən] DNQxo   第8级
    n.现象,特殊的人,特殊的事物,奇迹
    参考例句:
    • Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. 贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
    • How do you explain this phenomenon? 这种现象怎样解释?
    7 mechanisms ['mekənɪzəmz] d0db71d70348ef1c49f05f59097917b8   第7级
    n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用
    参考例句:
    • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    8 murky [ˈmɜ:ki] J1GyJ   第12级
    adj.黑暗的,朦胧的;adv.阴暗地,混浊地;n.阴暗;昏暗
    参考例句:
    • She threw it into the river's murky depths. 她把它扔进了混浊的河水深处。
    • She had a decidedly murky past. 她的历史背景令人捉摸不透。
    9 fret [fret] wftzl   第9级
    vt.&vi.(使)烦恼;(使)焦急;(使)腐蚀,(使)磨损
    参考例句:
    • Don't fret. We'll get there on time. 别着急,我们能准时到那里。
    • She'll fret herself to death one of these days. 她总有一天会愁死的.
    10 disorder [dɪsˈɔ:də(r)] Et1x4   第7级
    n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调
    参考例句:
    • When returning back, he discovered the room to be in disorder. 回家后,他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
    • It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder. 里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
    11 lasting [ˈlɑ:stɪŋ] IpCz02   第7级
    adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
    参考例句:
    • The lasting war debased the value of the dollar. 持久的战争使美元贬值。
    • We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles. 我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
    12 dread [dred] Ekpz8   第7级
    vt.担忧,忧虑;惧怕,不敢;n.担忧,畏惧
    参考例句:
    • We all dread to think what will happen if the company closes. 我们都不敢去想一旦公司关门我们该怎么办。
    • Her heart was relieved of its blankest dread. 她极度恐惧的心理消除了。
    13 bouts [bauts] 2abe9936190c45115a3f6a38efb27c43   第9级
    n.拳击(或摔跤)比赛( bout的名词复数 );一段(工作);(尤指坏事的)一通;(疾病的)发作
    参考例句:
    • For much of his life he suffered from recurrent bouts of depression. 他的大半辈子反复发作抑郁症。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • It was one of fistiana's most famous championship bouts. 这是拳击界最有名的冠军赛之一。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
    14 spectral [ˈspektrəl] fvbwg   第12级
    adj.幽灵的,鬼魂的
    参考例句:
    • At times he seems rather ordinary. At other times ethereal, perhaps even spectral. 有时他好像很正常,有时又难以捉摸,甚至像个幽灵。
    • She is compelling, spectral fascinating, an unforgettably unique performer. 她极具吸引力,清幽如鬼魅,令人着迷,令人难忘,是个独具特色的演员。
    15 delirious [dɪˈlɪriəs] V9gyj   第10级
    adj.不省人事的,神智昏迷的
    参考例句:
    • He was delirious, murmuring about that matter. 他精神恍惚,低声叨念着那件事。
    • She knew that he had become delirious, and tried to pacify him. 她知道他已经神志昏迷起来了,极力想使他镇静下来。
    16 illicit [ɪˈlɪsɪt] By8yN   第8级
    adj.非法的,禁止的,不正当的
    参考例句:
    • He had an illicit association with Jane. 他和简曾有过不正当关系。
    • Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year. 今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。
    17 determined [dɪˈtɜ:mɪnd] duszmP   第7级
    adj.坚定的;有决心的;v.决定;断定(determine的过去分词)
    参考例句:
    • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation. 我已决定毕业后去西藏。
    • He determined to view the rooms behind the office. 他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
    18 improperly [im'prɔpəli] 1e83f257ea7e5892de2e5f2de8b00e7b   第8级
    不正确地,不适当地
    参考例句:
    • Of course it was acting improperly. 这样做就是不对嘛!
    • He is trying to improperly influence a witness. 他在试图误导证人。

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