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9种体臭的来源
添加时间:2015-02-02 18:16:50 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Bacterial1 growth mixed with perspiration2 is the most common source of body odor. However, if you bathe regularly, several other smelly factors–including what you most recently ate (or didn't eat), the medications you pop, and what products you use to mask the noxious3 smells emanating4 from under your arm pits can actually answer the question, "What's that smell?" when you get a whiff of something most foul5.

    在汗液之中的细菌的繁殖往往是体味最常见的来源。但是,还有其他几个体臭的因素,如果你经常洗澡,那么你最近是否还在用一些药物来遮掩让人纠结的胳肢窝的味道,以下这些因素就可以完全回答“那究竟是什么味道?那气味的来源是什么?”。如果你习惯了以下任何一个坏习惯,那么答案是几乎可以肯定,“是的,这就是你的气味的来源!”......

    If you're in the habit of any of the following nine sneaky body odor sources—then the answer is almost certainly, "Yes, it's you who smells!"…

    1. You Use the Wrong Deodorant6

    1.您使用了错误的除臭剂

    You might consider it counterproductive that the products you spend money on to mask the reek7 of stinky body odor can actually exacerbate9 the smell. However, many store-bought body sprays, antiperspirants, and deodorants10 foster the development of foul-smelling bacteria.A study conducted by microbial ecologists at the University of Ghent, in Belgium monitored the armpit bacteria of a group of male and female participants—half of the group swore off deodorant and antiperspirant for an entire month while the other non-deodorant-using half agreed to apply it for a month. Researchers found that the aluminum11 compounds present in deodorants and antiperspirants killed off killing12 off good (or non-smelly) bacteria and encouraged the growth of bad (or foul-smelling) armpit bacteria.

    你可能会认为这是适得其反的-----当你花钱买的除臭剂以掩盖狐臭的臭气但是实际上加剧了气味。实际上许多商店买来的香体喷雾剂,止汗剂,除臭剂他们促进了细菌的生长。微生物生态学家,在比利时根特大学进行的一项研究表明,在监控一组男性和女性的腋下细菌的生长实验,有一半人放弃除臭剂整整一个月,而其他未使用除臭剂的人同意使用除臭剂一个月。研究人员最终发现,除臭剂和止汗剂的铝化合物杀死了好(或无异味)的细菌,并鼓励不好(或恶臭)的细菌的生长。

    2. You Take Prescription13 Medications

    2.你正在服用处方药

    According to the Mayo Clinic, a few over-the-counter and prescription medications—including Tylenol (or acetaminophen and certain antidepressants (i.e., Bupropion Hydrochloride or Wellbutrin)—can encourage excess perspiration and foul smelling bacterial growth as drugs are metabolized by the body.However, if a new prescription happens to correspond with an accelerated rate of perspiration/ and or intensifies14 foul body odor, it's always safest to talk to your doctor before ceasing the medication.

    根据梅奥诊所分析,少数过度的非处方药和处方药,包括泰诺(对乙酰氨基酚或和某些抗抑郁药(如盐酸安非他酮或安非他酮) - 这些药物在人体代谢过程中可鼓励过多的汗水分泌和恶臭细菌生长。然而如果一个新的处方出现了过多的汗水分泌或加剧了体臭的时候,在停止服药前你必须得和医生讲清楚才安全。

    3. You Eat Too Much Refined Sugar

    3.你吃了太多的糖

    Dr. Debra Jaliman, a dermatologist15 with the American Academy of Dermatology, claims that what we can affect how we smell. For instance, too much refined sugar can emit funky16 armpit odor as well as expand the waistline. This is due to an overgrowth of yeast17, which converts sugars into a rancid alcohol byproduct.In fact, when the refined sugars in junk food alter the balance of your sweat and combine with armpit bacteria, bad body odor can result. Fortunately, Dr. Jaliman points out that banishing18 refined sugar from your diet will also banish19 bad BO.

    黛布拉博士(美国皮肤病学会皮肤科医生),声称我们可以影响我们自己的体味。例如,吃过多的糖可以发散腋臭,甚至扩大到腰部。这是由于酵母的过度生长,将糖转化为腐臭醇的副产物。事实上,当垃圾食品中的糖改变了你的汗液和细菌的平衡,导致了体臭。幸运的是,黛布拉博士指出,从你的饮食取消糖也将损坏汗液和细菌的平衡。

    4. You're Vitamin Deficient20

    4.当你缺乏了维生素

    In 1928, Dr. Pierre Delbet, the famed Superintendent21 of the Cancer Institute, in Paris, discovered that the mineral magnesium22 had the power to banish bad body door. However, those deficient in magnesium often suffered from bad body odor.Dr. Delbet reported that "If (patient) diets contained nothing particularly toxic23, (a magnesium supplement) deodorizes…disagreeable odor." Dr. Delbet found that eating foods rich in magnesium (i.e., raw almonds and cashews, flax and sesame seeks, dark chocolate, and bran) altered human intestinal24 flora25 and resulted in a decreased body smell.

    在1928年,博士皮埃尔,巴黎癌症研究所的著名主管,发现了矿物质镁可以阻止体臭。所以,缺乏镁就经常遭受体臭的威胁。博士报告说,“如果患者的饮食没有包含特别有害的东西,补充镁可以除臭......厌恶的气味。”博士发现,吃富含镁元素的东西(即原料杏仁和腰果,亚麻籽和芝麻,黑巧克力,和麸皮)可以改变人类肠道菌群,并降低身体的气味。

    5. You Dig Cruciferous Veggies

    5.十字花科类蔬菜

    Many of us are aware of the digestive upset and foul-smelling gas that results from a hearty26 serving of cabbage, cauliflower, or broccoli27 when this line-up of cruciferous veggies, or rather the sulfur28 compounds within, are absorbed by the body.According to researchers at the American Academy of Dermatology, a mere29 hour after eating cruciferous veggies, the body will absorb the sulfur compounds and give off a pungent30 odor as the body secrets them via the sweat glands31. Fortunately, you can still get a serving of healthy veggies if you parboil them, a process that eliminates the majority of odor-producing sulfur.

    很多人都知道,消化不良和恶臭气体来自卷心菜,菜花,西兰花等等十字花科的蔬菜,或者确切的说是蔬菜内部的硫化合物被人体吸收之后。据美国皮肤协会研究人员报道,吃了蔬菜只不过一个钟头,身体就会因为吸收了硫化合物而通过身体私密处的汗腺散发出刺鼻的气味。幸运的是,如果将他们煮到五分熟,你仍然可以得到健康,因为这样可以消除大部分产生异味的硫。

    6. You Slurp32 Too Much Caffeine and Alcohol

    6.摄入过量的咖啡因和酒精

    Researchers at Columbia University's Health Services point to excess caffeine and alcohol consumption as the reason for foul-smelling body odor (not to mention bad breath). Why?Coffee not only accelerates your rate of perspiration it's also extremely acidic. While we don't need to remind you how you smell after a night of binge drinking. In an attempt to improve your body odor, try eliminating or cutting down on alcohol and caffeinated beverages33 in favor of herbal tea.

    在哥伦比亚大学的健康服务部门研究人员指出,过多的咖啡因和酒精的消费是恶臭狐臭的主要原因(更不用提口臭了)。为什么呢?咖啡不仅加快你排汗的速度,它也是极酸的酸性物质。虽然我们并不需要提醒你在狂饮了一晚上以后你的气味如何。如果试图改善你身体的气味,尽量消除或削减对酒精和含咖啡因的摄入。换成喝茶吧。

    7. You're a Carnivore Through and Through

    7.你是一个彻头彻尾的食肉者

    I'm an admitted carnivore. However, I eat red meat in moderation for one very good reason—it makes me stink8! According to E. Adam Kallel, a medicinal chemist at Victrix Computational and Medicinal Chemistry Consultancy, in Carlsbad, California, red meat is more difficult to digest.This means the body uses more effort to metabolize red meat. As a result you sweat more, digest at a much slower rate, and emit foul-smelling gases via flatulence and sweat. Red meat is also high in amino acids that leave a residue34 in your intestines35 during digestion36. When emitted, the residue mingles37 with skin bacteria and intensifies bad odor.

    我承认我是食肉者。不过,我会适量的吃红肉,因为吃多了会让我很臭!根据药物化学咨询公司亚当说,红肉是难以消化的。这意味着身体将更加努力的新陈代谢。因此你出汗就会多,消化就会很慢,并通过排气和汗水散发恶臭气体。红肉蛋白质含量高所以在肠道消化过程中残留在肠道内。这种肠道氨基酸残留物随着汗液排出并且混合了皮肤上的细菌将加剧难闻的气味。

    8. Ouch—You're Constipated!

    8. 便秘!

    We all know the importance of a diet rich in fiber38. Too little can leave you with blocked digestion, uncomfortable constipation, and according to the National Institutes of Health, with surprisingly stinky body odor.In cases of severe constipation, toxins39 released by the digestive system may seep40 through the pores, exposing "fecal body odor," which is made up of toxic by-products that the body needs to release by any means to prevent illness and disease.

    我们都知道富含纤维饮食的重要性。过少的摄入可以阻止消化导致便秘,并根据美国国立卫生研究院报道过少的摄入还会拥有令人惊讶的体臭。在严重便秘的情况下,消化系统可以通过毛孔分泌毒素,这就是有毒的代谢副产物这就是所谓的“粪便体味”,人体需要以任何方式释放它来预防疾病。

    9. That Low Carb Diet

    9.低碳水化合物饮食

    Oh sure, you cut carbohydrates41 in an honest attempt to drop unwanted pounds. However, you didn't expect lack of essential carbohydrates would cause such stanky body odor.A 2014 study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine journal, linked law carb diets (or those who glean42 less than 50-percent of their calories from carbohydrates) with some foul-smelling side effects. Not only does a lack of carbohydrates and an increase in protein intake43 cause the body to release ketones into your bloodstream, causing rank breath—lack of carbs causes strong-smelling urine and terrible body odor.

    哦,当然,你削减碳水化合物的摄入以尝试减掉不必要的体重。但是,让你没想到当缺乏必要的碳水化合物的时候会引起如此恶臭的体臭。2014年发表在内科医学期刊的研究,有关于低碳水化合物饮食(碳水化合物热量摄入不足50%)与一些恶臭副作用的规律。其中讲到缺乏碳水化合物和增加蛋白质的饮食,不仅会使人体释放酮并且进入你的血液,从而导致臭味的口气,强烈尿液的气味和可怕的体味。

     12级    英文科普 


    点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

    1 bacterial [bæk'tiriəl] dy5z8q   第7级
    a.细菌的
    参考例句:
    • Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间,细菌繁殖加快了。
    • Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
    2 perspiration [ˌpɜ:spəˈreɪʃn] c3UzD   第9级
    n.汗水;出汗
    参考例句:
    • It is so hot that my clothes are wet with perspiration. 天太热了,我的衣服被汗水湿透了。
    • The perspiration was running down my back. 汗从我背上淌下来。
    3 noxious [ˈnɒkʃəs] zHOxB   第9级
    adj.有害的,有毒的;使道德败坏的,讨厌的
    参考例句:
    • Heavy industry pollutes our rivers with noxious chemicals. 重工业产生的有毒化学品会污染我们的河流。
    • Many household products give off noxious fumes. 很多家用产品散发有害气体。
    4 emanating [ˈeməˌneɪtɪŋ] be70e0c91e48568de32973cab34020e6   第9级
    v.从…处传出,传出( emanate的现在分词 );产生,表现,显示
    参考例句:
    • Even so, there is a slight odour of potpourri emanating from Longfellow. 纵然如此,也还是可以闻到来自朗费罗的一种轻微的杂烩的味道。 来自辞典例句
    • Many surface waters, particularly those emanating from swampy areas, are often colored to the extent. 许多地表水,特别是由沼泽地区流出的地表水常常染上一定程度的颜色。 来自辞典例句
    5 foul [faʊl] Sfnzy   第7级
    adj.污秽的;邪恶的;vt.弄脏;妨害;犯规;vi. 犯规;腐烂;缠结;n.犯规
    参考例句:
    • Take off those foul clothes and let me wash them. 脱下那些脏衣服让我洗一洗。
    • What a foul day it is! 多么恶劣的天气!
    6 deodorant [diˈəʊdərənt] p9Hy9   第11级
    adj.除臭的;n.除臭剂
    参考例句:
    • She applies deodorant to her armpits after she showers. 沐浴后,她在腋下涂上除臭剂。
    • Spray deodorant and keep the silk garments dry before dressing. 在穿衣之前,洒涂防臭剂并保持干燥。
    7 reek [ri:k] 8tcyP   第11级
    vi.发出臭气;vt.散发;用烟熏;n.恶臭
    参考例句:
    • Where there's reek, there's heat. 哪里有恶臭,哪里必发热。
    • That reek is from the fox. 那股恶臭是狐狸发出的。
    8 stink [stɪŋk] ZG5zA   第9级
    vi.发出恶臭;糟透,招人厌恶;n.恶臭
    参考例句:
    • The stink of the rotten fish turned my stomach. 腐烂的鱼臭味使我恶心。
    • The room has an awful stink. 那个房间散发着难闻的臭气。
    9 exacerbate [ɪgˈzæsəbeɪt] iiAzU   第9级
    vt.恶化,增剧,激怒,使加剧
    参考例句:
    • WMO says a warming climate can exacerbate air pollution. 世界气象组织说,气候变暖可能会加剧空气污染。
    • In fact efforts will merely exacerbate the current problem. 实际上努力只会加剧当前的问题。
    10 deodorants [di':əʊdərənts] 01c6b1b494118d169a87c0acd9bf4dc0   第11级
    n.(尤指去除体臭的)除臭剂( deodorant的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • The U.S. is already a mature market for its razors and deodorants. 美国已经是使它的刀片和除臭剂得到充分发展的市场了。 来自辞典例句
    • Deodorants are available as aerosols or roll-ons. 除臭剂有喷雾装或滚抹装。 来自辞典例句
    11 aluminum [ə'lju:minəm] 9xhzP   第7级
    n.(aluminium)铝
    参考例句:
    • The aluminum sheets cannot be too much thicker than 0. 04 inches. 铝板厚度不能超过0. 04英寸。
    • During the launch phase, it would ride in a protective aluminum shell. 在发射阶段,它盛在一只保护的铝壳里。
    12 killing [ˈkɪlɪŋ] kpBziQ   第9级
    n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财
    参考例句:
    • Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off. 投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
    • Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street. 上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
    13 prescription [prɪˈskrɪpʃn] u1vzA   第7级
    n.处方,开药;指示,规定
    参考例句:
    • The physician made a prescription against sea-sickness for him. 医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
    • The drug is available on prescription only. 这种药只能凭处方购买。
    14 intensifies [inˈtensifaiz] ea3e6fadefd6a802a62d0ef63e69bace   第7级
    n.(使)增强, (使)加剧( intensify的名词复数 )v.(使)增强, (使)加剧( intensify的第三人称单数 )
    参考例句:
    • A clear atmosphere intensifies the blue of the sky. 纯净的空气使天空变得更蓝。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Blowing on fire intensifies the heat. 吹火使热度加强。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    15 dermatologist [ˌdɜ:məˈtɒlədʒɪst] dermatologist   第11级
    n.皮肤科医师
    参考例句:
    • I think you should see a dermatologist first. 我想你应当先看皮肤科大夫。
    • The general practitioner referred her patient to a dermatologist. 家庭医生把她的病人交给了皮肤科医生。
    16 funky [fʌŋki] 1fjzc   第8级
    adj.畏缩的,怯懦的,霉臭的;adj.新式的,时髦的
    参考例句:
    • The kitchen smelled really funky. 这个厨房有一股霉味。
    • It is a funky restaurant with very interesting art on the walls. 那是一家墙上挂着很有意思的绘画的新潮餐馆。
    17 yeast [ji:st] 7VIzu   第9级
    n.酵母;酵母片;泡沫;v.发酵;起泡沫
    参考例句:
    • Yeast can be used in making beer and bread. 酵母可用于酿啤酒和发面包。
    • The yeast began to work. 酵母开始发酵。
    18 banishing [ˈbæniʃɪŋ] 359bf2285192b48a299687d5082c4aed   第7级
    v.放逐,驱逐( banish的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • And he breathes out fast, like a king banishing a servant. 他呼气则非常迅速,像一个国王驱逐自己的奴仆。 来自互联网
    • Banishing genetic disability must therefore be our primary concern. 消除基因缺陷是我们的首要之急。 来自互联网
    19 banish [ˈbænɪʃ] nu8zD   第7级
    vt.放逐,驱逐;消除,排除
    参考例句:
    • The doctor advised her to banish fear and anxiety. 医生劝她消除恐惧和忧虑。
    • He tried to banish gloom from his thought. 他试图驱除心中的忧愁。
    20 deficient [dɪˈfɪʃnt] Cmszv   第9级
    adj.不足的,不充份的,有缺陷的
    参考例句:
    • The crops are suffering from deficient rain. 庄稼因雨量不足而遭受损害。
    • I always have been deficient in selfconfidence and decision. 我向来缺乏自信和果断。
    21 superintendent [ˌsu:pərɪnˈtendənt] vsTwV   第9级
    n.监督人,主管,总监;(英国)警务长
    参考例句:
    • He was soon promoted to the post of superintendent of Foreign Trade. 他很快就被擢升为对外贸易总监。
    • He decided to call the superintendent of the building. 他决定给楼房管理员打电话。
    22 magnesium [mægˈni:ziəm] bRiz8   第9级
    n.镁
    参考例句:
    • Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth. 镁是植物生长的营养要素。
    • The water contains high amounts of magnesium. 这水含有大量的镁。
    23 toxic [ˈtɒksɪk] inSwc   第7级
    adj.有毒的,因中毒引起的
    参考例句:
    • The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea. 这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
    • There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere. 爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。
    24 intestinal [ˌɪntes'taɪnl] DbHzX   第9级
    adj.肠的;肠壁;肠道细菌
    参考例句:
    • A few other conditions are in high intestinal obstruction. 其它少数情况是高位肠梗阻。 来自辞典例句
    • This complication has occasionally occurred following the use of intestinal antiseptics. 这种并发症偶而发生在使用肠道抗菌剂上。 来自辞典例句
    25 flora [ˈflɔ:rə] 4j7x1   第9级
    n.(某一地区的)植物群
    参考例句:
    • The subtropical island has a remarkably rich native flora. 这个亚热带岛屿有相当丰富的乡土植物种类。
    • All flora need water and light. 一切草木都需要水和阳光。
    26 hearty [ˈhɑ:ti] Od1zn   第7级
    adj.热情友好的;衷心的;尽情的,纵情的
    参考例句:
    • After work they made a hearty meal in the worker's canteen. 工作完了,他们在工人食堂饱餐了一顿。
    • We accorded him a hearty welcome. 我们给他热忱的欢迎。
    27 broccoli [ˈbrɒkəli] 1sbzm   第10级
    n.绿菜花,花椰菜
    参考例句:
    • She grew all the broccoli plants from seed. 这些花椰菜都是她用种子培育出来的。
    • They think broccoli is only green and cauliflower is only white. 他们认为西兰花只有绿色的,而菜花都是白色的。
    28 sulfur ['sʌlfə] ps4wC   第8级
    n.硫,硫磺(=sulphur)
    参考例句:
    • Sulfur emissions from steel mills become acid rain. 炼钢厂排放出的硫形成了酸雨。
    • Burning may produce sulfur oxides. 燃烧可能会产生硫氧化物。
    29 mere [mɪə(r)] rC1xE   第7级
    adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过
    参考例句:
    • That is a mere repetition of what you said before. 那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
    • It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer. 再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
    30 pungent [ˈpʌndʒənt] ot6y7   第9级
    adj.(气味、味道)刺激性的,辛辣的;尖锐的
    参考例句:
    • The article is written in a pungent style. 文章写得泼辣。
    • Its pungent smell can choke terrorists and force them out of their hideouts. 它的刺激性气味会令恐怖分子窒息,迫使他们从藏身地点逃脱出来。
    31 glands [glændz] 82573e247a54d4ca7619fbc1a5141d80   第8级
    n.腺( gland的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • a snake's poison glands 蛇的毒腺
    • the sebaceous glands in the skin 皮脂腺
    32 slurp [slɜ:p] XT6zB   第11级
    n.啜食;vt.饮食出声
    参考例句:
    • You may not slurp your soup. 喝汤不可发出声音。
    • Do you always slurp when drinking a milkshake? 你总是这样啧啧喝牛奶吗?
    33 beverages [be'vərɪdʒɪz] eb693dc3e09666bb339be2c419d0478e   第7级
    n.饮料( beverage的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 控制酒类销售的法规
    • regulations governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 含酒精饮料的销售管理条例
    34 residue [ˈrezɪdju:] 6B0z1   第9级
    n.残余,剩余,残渣
    参考例句:
    • Mary scraped the residue of food from the plates before putting them under water. 玛丽在把盘子放入水之前先刮去上面的食物残渣。
    • Pesticide persistence beyond the critical period for control leads to residue problems. 农药一旦超过控制的临界期,就会导致残留问题。
    35 intestines [ɪn'testɪnz] e809cc608db249eaf1b13d564503dbca   第9级
    n.肠( intestine的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • Perhaps the most serious problems occur in the stomach and intestines. 最严重的问题或许出现在胃和肠里。 来自辞典例句
    • The traps of carnivorous plants function a little like the stomachs and small intestines of animals. 食肉植物的捕蝇器起着动物的胃和小肠的作用。 来自辞典例句
    36 digestion [daɪˈdʒestʃən] il6zj   第8级
    n.消化,吸收
    参考例句:
    • This kind of tea acts as an aid to digestion. 这种茶可助消化。
    • This food is easy of digestion. 这食物容易消化。
    37 mingles [ˈmiŋɡlz] 14f7f1c13c0672c8a15bf77831b45a72   第7级
    混合,混入( mingle的第三人称单数 ); 混进,与…交往[联系]
    参考例句:
    • He rarely mingles with persons of his own rank in society. 他几乎不与和他身份相同的人交往。
    • The distant rumbling of the guns mingles with our marching song. 枪的深邃长声与我们行进歌混合。
    38 fiber ['faɪbə] NzAye   第7级
    n.纤维,纤维质
    参考例句:
    • The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber. 纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
    • The material must be free of fiber clumps. 这种材料必须无纤维块。
    39 toxins [ˈtɔksɪnz] 18c3f40d432ba8dc33bad8fb82873ea8   第11级
    n.毒素( toxin的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • The seas have been used as a receptacle for a range of industrial toxins. 海洋成了各种有毒工业废料的大容器。
    • Most toxins are naturally excreted from the body. 大部分毒素被自然排出体外。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    40 seep [si:p] rDSzK   第9级
    vi.渗出,渗漏;n.渗漏,小泉,水(油)坑
    参考例句:
    • My anger began to seep away. 我的怒火开始消下去了。
    • If meteoric water does not evaporate or run overland, it may seep directly into the ground. 如果雨水不从陆地蒸发和流走的话,就可能直接渗入地下。
    41 carbohydrates [kɑ:bə'haɪdreɪts] 001f0186d1ea717492c413ca718f2635   第7级
    n.碳水化合物,糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 );淀粉质或糖类食物
    参考例句:
    • The plant uses the carbohydrates to make cellulose. 植物用碳水化合物制造纤维素。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。 来自辞典例句
    42 glean [gli:n] Ye5zu   第9级
    vt.&vi.收集(消息、资料、情报等)
    参考例句:
    • The little information that we could glean about them was largely contradictory. 我们能够收集到的有关它们的少量信息大部分是自相矛盾的。
    • From what I was able to glean, it appears they don't intend to take any action yet. 根据我所收集到的资料分析,他们看来还不打算采取任何行动。
    43 intake [ˈɪnteɪk] 44cyQ   第7级
    n.吸入,纳入;进气口,入口
    参考例句:
    • Reduce your salt intake. 减少盐的摄入量。
    • There was a horrified intake of breath from every child. 所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

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