These numbers have been collated by Robin Hanson, an economist at George Mason University in Virginia; they are based on educated guesses by various economic historians.
"Technology appears to be resulting in faster, wider and deeper degrees of hollowing-out than in the past," said Andy Haldane, the Bank's chief economist.
Although online purchases account for only about 10 percent of China's overall retail sales, government officials "are pretty optimistic, because they see this part of the economy growing very fast," said Xiaoping Ma, an HSBC economist.
"If it's just technical skill, there's a reasonable chance it can be automated, and if it's just being empathetic or flexible, there's an infinite supply of people, so a job won't be well paid," said David Autor, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) ranked the country first in its latest quality-of-death index, which uses 20 quantitative and qualitative indicators to measure the effectiveness of end-of-life care in 80 countries.
It is owned by her uncle Yao Qingsan, an economist and former president of the Ningbo-Hong Kong Fellowship Association.
Writing in Time magazine in 2013, Marina Adshade, an economist in Canada, cited the period of the two weeks leading up to Christmas as the most popular time for breakups because couples are bombarded with evidence on how much the other is invested in the relationship.
Economist Martin Ellis, at Halifax, said: 'Stately homes are not only attractive place to visit but, as our research shows, desirable places to live near to.
Of the 11 people who have won the John Bates Clark Medal for best economist under age 40 since 2000, four are now at Stanford, more than at any other university.
An economist is an expert who will know tomorrow why the things he predicted yesterday didn't happen today.
Automation has also undoubtedly changed the shape of the job market — economist David Autor, writing in the same journal, documents a rise in demand for low-skilled jobs and highly skilled jobs, and a hollowing out of jobs in the middle.
" This article by economist Robert J.
) Apple, meanwhile, has signed up dozens of publishers for Apple News — a Flipboard-style app which launches in the autumn — including The New York Times, The Guardian, The Economist and the Financial Times.
It also meshes with China promoting investment and infrastructure in parts of the world that are neglected," said Fred Gale, senior economist at the US Department of Agriculture.
" The pay gap with men often only reflects women who work as employees, not the self-employed, who make up about 60 per cent of the female workforce in Latin America and the Caribbean and closer to 50 per cent in Asia, says Kristen Sobeck, an ILO economist.
The Apple editorial team will liaise with publishers, which include the Financial Times, New York Times, The Guardian and The Economist, which have signed up to provide content to the news service.
"It is now increasingly obvious that the improvements in Indonesia's macro performance between 2010 and 2013 were cyclical and externally driven, rather than structural and domestically driven as the bulls insisted," Richard Iley, BNP Paribas economist, wrote in a report.
James Heckman, the Nobel prize-winning economist, has done research that shows spending money to put children into high-quality early childhood education offers the greatest bang for the buck in their adult years.
been a key underlying force (behind the euro), given the reversal we've seen in European yields and in particular Germany," said Simon Smith, chief economist at FxPro.
"There are now a thousand energy cooperatives operated by private people," said the energy economist Claudia Kemfert.
