The sport has a governing body which lays down stringent rules for playing the game, including the use of yellow and red cards to indicate infringement of the rules.
The alleged intellectual property infringement relates to features allowing iPhone users to adjust pictures and manage applications.
But by taking its business global, Pinduoduo has exposed itself to a new kind of stumbling block: a trademark infringement lawsuit in the United States.
The report, the first of its kind, said that 97% of the products that Alibaba took the initiative to remove from the online platform on suspicion of intellectual property infringement were removed forthwith even before any transaction took place.
The battles between major tech companies including Apple, Nokia, HTC, Google and Sony over smartphone technology began in late 2009 when Nokia and Apple sued each other for alleged infringement of various patents.
"Our work is an independent creation, not an infringement of the plaintiffs' copyright", said the rep.
Last year, after turning a blind eye for about a decade, Oscars chiefs threatened to sue Fary and his company for copyright infringement after the 2016 goodie bag raised eyebrows with gifts including sex toys, a 10-day VIP trip to Israel and something called a "vampire breast lift".
and Pixar for intellectual property right infringement and unfair competition, according to a recent Shanghai court verdict.
China is also becoming a more attractive jurisdiction for patent infringement disputes, given the speed with which its court system processes cases.
It lost a copyright infringement lawsuit against a Chinese company that was using the iPhone trademark on accessories.
For fear of copyright infringement issues, Letvision chose to call its creations Letrons, but they're as close to real-life Transformers as they can currently get.
Asked whether Mackintosh could potentially have a legal case against Trump, he said: "Assuming that there wasn't a fully disclosed, informed consent given, then he can sue for infringement of copyright.
"Copyright infringement has restrained new media's development," said Tang Xujun, lead researcher of the report and director of the Institute of Journalism and Communication at CASS.
Usually it is the major brands that go after the smaller companies for patent infringement.
" In 2011, Baidu was found guilty of copyright infringement in a lawsuit filed by literary website qidian.
The group has filed lawsuits in the US and China seeking compensation for infringement of intellectual property, including patents relating to cellular communications technology and software used by Samsung's mobile phones.
The judgment is a victory for the US Department of Justice, which has fought a near four-year legal battle to have the 41-year-old German stand trial on copyright infringement and money-laundering charges related to his file-sharing site Megaupload.
But diners should remember that even if they don't run the risk of copyright infringement, restaurants are still allowed to forbid them from snapping pics at dinner.
" Alibaba has previously said it spent 1 billion yuan ($161 million) over the last two years to battle intellectual property infringement and boost consumer protection.
Ma Qiang, a political counselor at the Chinese Embassy in Oslo, told Xinhua, the Chinese state news agency, that the expulsion was an "infringement on the scholar's rights" and would have "a negative impact on bilateral ties.